What is the different between J shape, S shape and J reverse shape curve in I-V curve based on solar simulator result?

is there anyone can help me to understand about J reverse curve from I-V curve? i afraid it tell about leakage current to much. Thank you

05 June 2018 5,361 2 View

How to understand Zinc Vancancies in ZnO NPs?

Dear all Here i would like to asking about Zinc Vacancies. would you like to give me some theory about zinc vacancies? thank you very much.

04 May 2018 9,673 0 View

Does anyone know what is the best solvent for semi polar interface?

Dear all. i am looking for some reference paper or book to study how to combine polar and non polar interface. in this case, i would like to combine P3HT:PCBM interface with Polystyrene sulfonate...

06 July 2017 1,720 1 View

Why the Zno NPs have higher Jsc and lower Voc compare with Zno sol gel?

hello everyone,i need help to give me some exact reason why in the ZnO Nps have higher Jsc and lower Voc compare with Zno sol gel because i always get that result and in ZnO i have lower Jsc and...

04 May 2017 6,429 0 View

Polymer composites suddenly solidifies?

I am making polymer composite by solvent mixing method. When I am trying to add filler solution in polymer solution it quickly get solidified. How to make them then uinform? It doesn't give time...

03 March 2021 7,540 4 View

What solvent can I used for Paal Knorr reaction between 6-amino hexanoic acid and 2.5 hexanedione?

I am try to make the Paal Knorr reaction between 2.5 hexnedione and 6-amino hexanoic acid, my problem is type of solvent to use, because 6-hexaminohexanoic acid is soluble in water but I am not...

02 March 2021 4,443 2 View

How to polymerize TEOS?

I want to polymerize TEOS on a surface. I know that NH4OH is a preferred catalyst and an alcoholic solvent should be used .But I can not find certain amounts of each material to use. Does any one...

02 March 2021 1,404 6 View

How can extract ciprofloxacin hydrochloride disolve in water er to organic solvent such as dichloromethan or any other solvent?

I need a procedure to extract the ciprofloxacin hydrochloride from aqueous solution by using dichloromethane in detail,. I thank you very much.

01 March 2021 4,306 1 View

How to separate water from glycerol solvent in a solvent recovery vacuum distillation column?

I am currently doing my third year design project. I have been assigned to design a glycerol recovery column in vinyl acetate monomer production. The process unit before the recovery column is an...

01 March 2021 9,525 4 View

How to make fractions of chloroform extract of plant, using seperating funnel?

28 February 2021 8,466 2 View

Why am i not getting solid after reacting APTES with salicylaldehyde?

The reaction of APTES with salicylaldehyde in ethanol leads to the formation of imine compound yellow solid which is mention in literature, but I am not getting yellow solid I don't know why? when...

28 February 2021 2,955 2 View

can I treat waste water containing solvents and alcohol with electrocoagulation?

there are solvents and alcohol in the waste water of a factory that produces disinfectants. Increasing this waste water requires very serious operations. Can I treat this waste water with...

27 February 2021 2,609 3 View

How to replicate the well conditions of a crystal hit with 20%(w/v) isopropanol?

I had a crystal hit in a well with 0.1M HEPEs pH 7.5, 10%(w/v) PEG 4000, and 20%(w/v) isopropanol. Why is isopropanol in w/v here if it's just solvent? How do I recreate this well condition?

25 February 2021 9,761 1 View

How to increase solubility of Poly acrylic acid in Dioxane solvent?

I am working with Polyacrylic acid (100.000Da) and instead of water, I need to use another solvent (dioxane) to dissolve PAA. However, because of the high molecular weight, it's quite hard to...

25 February 2021 2,225 5 View