Two broad sets of policies are essential elements in any green growth strategy: ■ The first set should consist of broad framework policies that mutually reinforce economic growth and the conservation of natural capital. These include core fiscal and regulatory settings such as tax and competition policy which, if well designed and executed, maximise the efficient allocation of resources. This is the familiar agenda of economic policy with the added realisation that it can be as good for the environment as for the economy. Innovation policies should be added to this set as well. ■ The second set should policies providing incentives to use natural resources efficiently and making pollution more expensive. These policies include a mix of price-based instruments, for instance environmentallyrelated taxes, and non-market instruments such as regulations, technology support policies and voluntary approaches.

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There are many strategies. Like increase in ESG goods, Taxing, Programs for reduction of carbon emission, Support, financial aid to LDCs, collaborations, higher production and use of electric vehicles, more use and trade of solar panels. More participation in environmental related meetings. Increasing the role of the WTO in environment. Faster solution to environmental disputes.

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Dissatisfied with the analytical framework of the social sciences, I have employed the methodology of the natural sciences in examining the role of energy (natural resources) for human social life: the more advanced human societies become, the more they have to learn about the efficient use of natural resources.

However:

At every evolutionary standard of technological innovation, the social economy really converts natural resources into human needs by investing energy for an energy return or a net energy gain. However, in a monetary production economy all human needs are simplified, reduced and measured in monetary units, i.e. the advanced market economy is based on monetary exchange as market replicator and information signal for future production and price formation. Therefore, human economic productivity in such a monetary exchange system is built upon the following process functions: A: Time/quantizes/economic production; B: Energy/quantizes/time; C: Money/quantizes/energy.

The decisive economic problem of our current monetary system is that money does absolutely not behave neutral or boring to the production cycle; the commercial fiat emission of private credit (x interest) reaches after a certain temporal limit its biophysical or energetic boundaries. Whereas credit (x interest) can be emitted by private banks on the basis of central bank fiat money mathematically (as a political wish coupon), the energetics of the production system is limited physically by natural law (entropy).

Conclusion:

The long wave perspective in economic history سمير طجين documents that new systemic leadership in energetics never evolves from the supreme political economy, because the most powerful factor of systemic supremacy is the energetics of weaponry. De-central energy provision, energy saving and renewable (clean) energy resources will open the door to this new wave of energetics, in combination with sound monetary reform for temporal sustainability and economic dynamic efficiency. It is this vital interplay of energy, money and time that governs the economic production cycle and provokes human ingenuity to solve a new social problem- generation, i.e. to set new standards in the energetics of the human economy. It is very probable that these process changes in system energetics are traceable back to the historical economics of the first monetary civilization, i.e. the Sumerian city states, and that the whole civilizing process is about energetic systems evolution, guided by monetary prudence or error.

Thank you Stephen I. Ternyik

Through waste reduction and energy consumption, open opportunities for positive innovative changes. also, by creating incentives for greater efficiency in the use of natural resources.

Thanks Chuck A Arize

To develop strategies for an effective green economy and achieve real development, focus on:

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A National Buyout Plan of Eco-Destroyers would make at least a dent in the problem. I sketched out such a plan by the same name "A National Buyout..." in the Journal of Economic Issues (Vol. LV, No.3, Sept. 2021 pp. 837-846). The plan would have the government buyout 3/4 of the electrical industry, GM and Ford, and the four biggest oil companies on the planet. The interest on the bonds (in 2020) for the electrical, auto and oil buyout could have been covered by a 2% wealth tax on just the top Forbes 400 list. The interest payments for the buyout of the electrical industry could have covered by such a tax on just the top 20 on the list. Nationalizing these eco-destroyers would allow the federal government to effect a grand solar plan for the nation, produce below-cost electrical vehicles and begin the phase out oil. It would also remove major political obstacles by buying out the main vested interests in eco-destruction.

Thank you Craig Medlen