Flowing water can move rocks, causing them to rub together and wear down into rounded shapes. When plants grow in cracks in a rock, their roots can widen the cracks and force the rock apart. Rainwater fills small cracks in a rock. As the water freezes, it expands, widening the cracks and splitting apart the rock. Salt crystallization causes disintegration of rocks when saline solutions seep into cracks and joints in the rocks and evaporate, leaving salt crystals behind. Salt crystal growth weathering occurs when evaporation leaves behind mineral salts that crystallize within the cracks and pores of rock. The growing salt crystals push through and widen any opening they are in, causing the rock to weaken.

Mechanical weathering includes processes such as water in cracks freezing and expanding, or changes in temperatures that expands and shrink individual minerals enough to break them apart. Exfoliation is a process in which large flat or curved sheets of rock fracture and are detached from the outcrop due to pressure release: As erosion removes the overburden from a rock that formed at high pressure deep in the Earth´s crust, it allows the rock to expand, thus resulting in cracks and fractures along sheet. When a mass of rock is exposed by weathering and removal of the overlying rock, there is a decrease in the confining pressure on the rock, and the rock expands. This unloading promotes cracking of the rock, as exfoliation. When water freezes, it expands. The ice then works as a wedge. It slowly widens the cracks and splits the rock. When ice melts, liquid water performs the act of erosion by carrying away the tiny rock fragments lost in the split.

Water infiltrates rocks, freezes and expands, and the subsequent evaporation of water within the rock leads to the formation of expanding crystals. This combination of freezing and crystal growth exerts pressure on the rock, eventually causing it to break.

Dr Chandrasekhar Reddy Kamasani thank you for your contribution to the discussion

Evaporates are minerals that are made out of ions that can be found dissolved in water, usually seawater. When water evaporates, it leaves these ions behind, which assemble together into evaporate minerals. An important part of this process is the idea of solubility. Salt crystallization causes disintegration of rocks when saline solutions seep into cracks and joints in the rocks and evaporate, leaving salt crystals behind.Weathering describes the breaking down or dissolving of rocks and minerals on the surface of the Earth. Water, ice, acids, salts, plants, animals, and changes in temperature are all agents of weathering. Once a rock has been broken down, a process called erosion transports the bits of rock and mineral away. Freeze-thaw occurs when water continually seeps into cracks, freezes and expands, eventually breaking the rock apart. Exfoliation occurs as cracks develop parallel to the land surface a consequence of the reduction in pressure during uplift and erosion. When water freezes, it expands. The ice then works as a wedge. It slowly widens the cracks and splits the rock. When ice melts, liquid water performs the act of erosion by carrying away the tiny rock fragments lost in the split. Flowing water can move rocks, causing them to rub together and wear down into rounded shapes. When plants grow in cracks in a rock, their roots can widen the cracks and force the rock apart. Rainwater fills small cracks in a rock. As the water freezes, it expands, widening the cracks and splitting apart the rock. Water moves into small cracks of rock and expands when it freezes. That pushes the rock apart, slowly breaking it down into smaller pieces. Water can also wear down the surface of the rock, pulling small pieces off over time.