Hi Huang,

Routinely you check with standard PDF (powder diffraction file) of different phases, like rutile/anatase/brookite, to see if your experimental XRD patterns match with one or more of them (or even amorphous state). You may have a look at following papers, just as a start point:

1. K. Sakurai and M. Mizusawa,X-ray Diffraction Imaging of Anatase and Rutile, Anal. Chem., 82,(2010)3519–3522.

Link: http://pubs.acs.org/doi/full/10.1021/ac9024126

2. L Miao et al., Preparation and characterization of polycrystalline anatase and rutile TiO2 thin films by rf magnetron sputtering, Applied Surface Science, 212–213 (2003) 255–263.

Link: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0169-4332(03)00106-5

Hope this helps.

Best,

Yang

thanks for the responses. @Dr. Towe, I mean to ask that from XRD we can find the pattern for phases but can we see the isolated phases or composite phases by any other method which can confirm XRD pattern. Thanks

Hi Huang, for your later question, you may also try Raman, which is limited in spatial resolution however, to give area or volume averaged phase information, or try HRTEM and SAED to identify phases of individual crystallites.

A combination of electron microscopy and XRD can give deep insight into phase, crystal structure, morphology etc of different crystallographic forms of TiO2. Using Rietveld's refinement quantification of different crystalline phases is also possible.

Hi Huang, Please refer this article `Phase Characterization of TiO2 Powder by XRD and TEM, Kasetsart J. (Nat. Sci.) 42 : 357 - 361 (2008).  A comparison and confirmation of rutile and anatase phases by XRD and TEM is given. This may be useful.

Refer JCPDS database for phase confirmation through by XTD

JCPDS card no. 21-1272 (anatase TiO2)

JCPDS card no. 21-1276 (rutile TiO2)