How can the major types of kidney stones (calcium oxalate, calcium phosphate, uric acid, cystine, or struvite) be induced in an animal model?
As rodents are not prone to nephrolithiasis, models require the induction of a long standing hypercalciuria or hyperoxaluria, conversely to nephrocalcinosis which may occur within hours or days. Whereas a nephrotoxicity leading to tubular injury and regeneration appears as a critical event for crystal retention in nephrocalcinosis models, surprisingly very little is known about the physiopathology of crystal attachment to urothelium in nephrolithiasis. Creating new models of nephrolithiasis especially in different genetic mice strains appears an important challenge in order to unravel the early mechanisms of urinary stone formation in papilla and fornices. Article Experimental models of renal calcium stones in rodents
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