Dear Adedamola, your question has an implicity answer. I agree that a miscunduction of identity management may threat the stability, peace and unity of a federal state. However, conflits are part of federal's life and each federation should have mechanisms of intergovernamental relations in order to keep communication and mutal understanding alive. There is no general formula. Each fedearation have to find its own path. Lessons from different federations may bring light to that, but no country has the master key to open that door.

If governments have neither the power nor the interest to bind the centripetal forces in the enabling system through participation, rights, benefits, then individual parts can break away. Boko Haram is an example. Here was a complete failure of the government. Today it is too late, because the dynamics of self-development can no longer be stopped.

Regional identities should be respected but if they turned into alternatives to national identity the nation state would run the risk of loosing its national integration

The self-determination of indigenous peoples, as well as the respect and promotion of their cultures, are human rights included in international treaties (Convention No. 169 of International Labor Organization, Concerning Indigenous and Tribal Peoples in Independent Countries).

In Mexico, we have recognized them in our Constitution, as a consequence of a 1994 indigenous armed conflict (EZLN). Initially, it served to allow indigenous communities to isolate themselves, and they will not respect some rights, such as the equality of women and child abuse.

However, in recent times the Mexican Supreme Court is making them respect the Constitution, while guaranteeing that their communities must be heard in the design and execution of public policies that impact them.