I haven't CST at my pc now, but if I can remember correctly, after selecting s-parameter, or any other plot in cst, you could see its phase or magnitude or in dB,just by clicking on some item at plot properties among tabs, existing in upper part of program window.
You should see arg(s) column in Navigation tree for watching the phase of s_parameter and If you want to export it in the txt format you should follow this
1.Go to navigation tree
2. select arg (s)
3.After select arg(s) click on file and you will get a export option
4.And you get Plot ASCII data option.Save this result