Our method is a single emulsion, but you can compare:

100 mg of PLGA was dissolved in 2 mL of dichloromethane (DCM). Precisely 80 mg of drug was dissolved in 1 mL of methanol and added to the PLGA solution slowly and mixed well. These organic solutions were homogenized (Polytron PT 1300 D) with 9 mL continuous aqueous phase (1% w/v PVA) for 7 minutes at 3,000 rpm over an ice bath. The produced emulsion (o/w) was transferred into 0.2% w/v PVA and stirred overnight on a magnetic stirrer at room temperature for evaporation of the organic phase. Microparticles were separated from bulk aqueous phase by centrifugation (Centra CL2 Thermo) at 15,000 rpm for 30 minutes followed by subsequent washing with cold distilled water to remove excess PVA. The pellet was re-suspended in a small amount of distilled water and stored for 3 hours at -70 °C in a freezer. The frozen microparticle dispersion was freeze-dried at -40 °C for 48 hours using a commercial freeze drier (Labconco Freezone 6).

Dear James E Hanson

Thank you so much for sharing your method with me. It will be really helpful as I try some experiments to reduce the stickiness of my microcapsules.

Hello,

Surfactants or dispersing agents such as Tween 20, Tween 80, Pluronic F68, and Span 80 are commonly added in small quantities to suspensions to promote particle dispersion and prevent agglomeration. Biocompatible surfactants act by reducing interfacial tension among particles and liquid, not only keeping hydrophobic particles suspended but also preventing them from sticking to tubing walls during processing. For example, Tween 20 and Tween 80 are both ionic surfactants that are regularly used to disperse hydrophobic particles in aqueous solution due to their ability to stabilize emulsions and suspensions without inducing huge toxicity.

Dear Roaa Mohammed Muneer ,

Thank you very much for your helpful suggestion. I’ll try adding a small amount of Tween 80 or Pluronic F68 to reduce the interfacial tension and prevent aggregation. This appears to be a promising approach for enhancing microcapsule flow and reducing sticking during actuation experiments. I appreciate your insight!

I think this paper will help you

My regards

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/342503356_FLOW_RATE_EFFECT_ON_DEGRADATION_PROCESS_FOR_PARTIALLY_MODIFIED_POTATO_STARCH_MICROSPHERES