for example I have pure exosomes with average size of 51nm and with a concentration of 230.5E8 particles/ml. Can I get a concentration of the "proteins" levels?
You already have a concentration in particles/mL. If you're needing a molar concentration then the molecular mass of the exosome needs to be known. If you're looking for a volume concentration then you can convert your size to a volume by (pi/6)*d3, multiply by the number of particles, and you'll have a volume per mL. This assumes that by size you're referring to diameter and not to radius. For a mass concentration you'd need to know or assume the density of the exozome.