By some chemicals such as Salicylic acid and some bio agents such as Trichoderma sp. and Bacillus subtilis for disease and B. thuringiensis for insects. anyway all these agents works as elicitors to induce resistance in both types ISR and SAR through SA pathway or JA and ET pathways finally go to inducing the genes resistance change it from turn off gene to turn on gene in host against different pathogens.
In addition to the submission of Dr. Shibabrata Pattanayak, RNA-Silencing based resistance could be a very powerful tool that can be used to generate disease and insect resistant plants.
When the plant is infected pathogen, the cell wall releases jasmonic acid, which is chemical message to the DNA in nucleus, DNA in this phase is transcripted to produce mRNA, which is going to cytoplasm where is translated in lysosomes to synthesis appropriate protein for resisting the pathogen.