What can be used to disperse the Degussa P25 for spin-coating, especially with good adhesion with substrate after anealing at 200°C for 2 hours?
Dear Huimin,
I suggest to you the following papers from my good friends and previous colleagues that worked on low temperature Titania pastes based on Degussa P25 for flexible DSCs.
"Progress in flexible dye solar cell materials, processes and devices", J. Mater. Chem. A, 2014,2, 10788-10817, DOI: 10.1039/C4TA00902A
"Fully Plastic Dye Solar Cell Devices by Low-Temperature UV-Irradiation of both the Mesoporous TiO2 Photo- and Platinized Counter-Electrodes", Advanced Energy Materials Volume 3, Issue 10, pages 1292–1298, October, 2013
DOI: 10.1002/aenm.201300101
"Formulations and processing of nanocrystalline TiO2 films for the different requirements of plastic, metal and glass dye solar cell applications", 2013 Nanotechnology 24, 255401, DOI:10.1088/0957-4484/24/25/255401
A well aqueous dispersion of TiO2 , prepared by high frequency ultrasonication with proper pH and solid loading may give you best coating. Agglomeration can be avoided by choosing low solid loading and suitable pH (which determine the zeta potential of particles thus stability in dispersion).
So easy. P25 nanoparticles can be dispersed in water and ethanol. Then the solution should be stirred for several days. After that, the obtained solution is spin-coated on the substrate and finally, the substrate is dried at 100 degrees Celsius.
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