2D area is calculated from a flat surface in plan view. 3D area takes into account 3D characteristics of the surface. A 3D polygon with peaks and valleys will have a larger 3D surface area then a flattened "plan view representation" of the same polygon in 2D.

How can I calculate 3D surface area base on slope in GIS for each morphological units in watershed? Are there any different methods that help me to calculate 3D surface in morphological units?

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