How can architectural designs in urban areas adapt to mitigate the effects of climate change, particularly heat islands and flooding?

Dear Batool Khadim,

It is important to know that architecture is an adaptation of housing needs according to the surrounding environment. It is also an acquired culture that allows the resilience of populations in extreme climatic conditions (cold or hot). It seems very useful to adapt modern architectural design according to traditional ancestral architecture that adapts better to these climatic conditions, especially in very arid and arid areas.

Ancestral constructions can create favorable microclimates to withstand peaks of heat or cold. It is important to enhance the used raw material and the created architecture. Often our builders from antiquity mastered the atmospheric conditions for a beautiful construction but bearable for life, in particular, the sources of light and ventilation. For this, I invite you to read about ancestral architecture notably in the city of a thousand couples in El Oued, Algeria (Khebizi et al., 2023); The M'zab, Ghardaia, Algeria; the troglodyte in Tunisia, the troglodyte of Kandovan; El Mudhif in Iraq and others that you can search on the internet.

These houses are always a source of inspiration. In addition, some irrigation techniques such as Ghout in El Oued, Algeria and I invite you to read, Foggara in Adrar Algeria, Persian irrigation systems, and others. These traditional irrigation systems are a useful guide for urban extensions.

I hope my comment is useful.

Kind regards.

Hafidha Khebizi

Ahmad Akhavan

1. Mitigating Urban Heat Island Effects:

Green Roofs:Planting vegetation on rooftops absorbs heat, lowers ambient temperatures, and improves air quality. Green roofs can also retain and manage rainwater effectively.

Green Facades (Living Walls):Covering building exteriors with plants reduces heat absorption and cools both the building and its surroundings.

Cool and Reflective Materials:Using light-colored or reflective building materials, such as cool roofs, reduces heat buildup in urban areas.

Expanding Green Spaces:Planting trees and creating parks and gardens provide shade and reduce urban temperatures.

Optimizing Airflow:Designing buildings and streets to enhance natural ventilation improves air circulation and contributes to cooling.

2. Reducing Flood Risks:

Water-Sensitive Infrastructure:Implement rainwater harvesting systems and permeable pavements to reduce surface runoff. Construct artificial wetlands and retention basins to manage and absorb excess water.

Permeable Surfaces:Use permeable paving materials (e.g., porous concrete or asphalt) to allow rainwater to infiltrate the soil, reducing pooling and flooding.

Advanced Drainage Systems:Develop efficient drainage networks and underground reservoirs to channel and store rainwater.

Flood-Resilient Spaces:Design low-lying urban areas to serve as temporary flood storage zones during heavy rainfall.

Elevating Structures:Raise buildings or reinforce them to withstand potential water intrusion in flood-prone areas.

3. Multifunctional Solutions:

Multi-Purpose Parks:Create green spaces that double as recreational areas and temporary water retention zones during storms.

Policies and Education:Encourage sustainable architectural practices and educate architects and residents about eco-friendly designs. Enforce building regulations to ensure energy and water efficiency in new developments.

Smart Energy and Water Management:Integrate smart technologies in urban design to monitor and manage energy consumption, water use, and environmental conditions.

4. Climate-Responsive Architecture:

Align building designs with the local climate by considering factors like building orientation, natural ventilation, and sunlight optimization.
Use low-carbon and locally sourced materials to reduce greenhouse gas emissions during construction.

These strategies not only mitigate climate change impacts but also enhance urban livability and resilience.

Best regard

Ahmad akhavan

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