How calculate CO2 emission based on vehicle charactristics and annual traveled distance?

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Ahmad Al Khraisat

Yes, there are distance-based emission factors for CO2 that can be used to calculate the CO2 emissions from private transportation. The emission factors depend on the fuel type, engine size, and age of the vehicle. You can use the following formula to calculate the CO2 emissions for each vehicle: CO2 emissions = (annual distance traveled in km) x (emission factor in g/km)

The emission factor you use should correspond to the year in which the vehicle was registered. However, emission standards for vehicles have been tightened in recent years, so newer vehicles may have lower emissions than older vehicles. It's generally a good idea to use the most up-to-date emission factors available.

If you don't have fuel consumption data for each vehicle in your dataset, you can use an average fuel consumption value for each fuel type, engine size, and age category. However, using an average value will result in less accurate estimates of CO2 emissions compared to using actual fuel consumption data. To convert the fuel consumption-based emission factors to emission factors on a per-kilometer basis, you can use the following formula: emission factor in g/km = (emission factor in g/kWh) x (efficiency in km/kWh)

The efficiency factor represents the distance traveled per unit of energy consumed and can be estimated using the following formula: efficiency in km/kWh = (1000 km/L) x (L/100 kWh)

where L is the fuel consumption in liters per 100 km.

Conrad Piasecki

I would also recommend using average CO2 emission factors for your calculations. In addition to the technical characteristics of the vehicles, it is essential to consider the driving style – e. g. moderate driving, aggressive driving with strong accelerations - that determines the level of fuel consumption and thus also the CO2 emissions. If information on the driving style of the vehicles in question is known, more specific emission factors can be used.

For greenhouse gas and air pollution reporting in the EU, a coordinated database was established – the Handbook emission factors of road transport - which contains emission factors for almost all emission components, driving conditions and vehicle types in a high degree of differentiation. However, for your specific calculations, information on the driving style of the vehicles that you consider should be approximately known in order to be able to operate with this approach.

Samaneh H.Bahreini

Conrad Piasecki thank you for your reply, where can I find these average CO2 emission factors regarding the age/fuel type/engine size and type of vehicles for a European vehicle fleet? i do not have any information about driving style or speed, i only have annual kilometers traveled and need emission factors to multiply these distances.

Ahmad Al Khraisat Dear Ahmad, thank you for the reply,

1- I am looking for these emission factors but in the EMEP/EEA air pollutant emission inventory guidebook 2019, in tier2 which distanced based emission factors are presented, there is no emission factor for CO2,

2- there are more than 8600 households in my dataset and each household may have to 5 cars, the cars are from different years, so, I thought it could be very time-consuming to use emission factors corresponding to the year registration of each vehicle and I used emission factors for 2019 for the calculation. For example, suppose that a household has a vehicle registered in 2015 and in the year of collecting the sample(2016), they traveled 10000 km with this vehicle, to calculate emissions from private transportation is that correct to use the newer emission factor?

3- no, I do not have fuel consumption data for each vehicle, I only have annual traveled distance, age/fuel/engine size, and type of the vehicle ( passenger car, light duty commercial), I am looking for emission factors ( g/km) which is easier to use or emission factor based of fuel consumption to convert to distance-based emission factors.

I can use tier1 of the EMEP/EEA air pollutant emission inventory guidebook 2019, which has emission factors for CO2 (kg CO2 per kg of fuel)

which are fuel-based and general for all vehicle types, I mean they are not specified based on Euro class, engine size and type of vehicle, I am looking for more specified emission factors mainly for Belgium.

If you cannot find the CO2 emission factors in the EMEP/EEA air pollutant emission inventory guidebook 2019, you can try to look for other sources of CO2 emission factors, such as national or regional emission inventories, or scientific literature. You can also consider contacting your local environmental agency or department to inquire about CO2 emission factors for your area.

Using emission factors for 2019 for all vehicles in your dataset, regardless of their registration year, is not ideal. Newer vehicles tend to have lower emissions than older vehicles, so using a newer emission factor for an older vehicle could result in an overestimation of emissions. However, if you do not have the emission factors specific to the year of registration for each vehicle, using the most recent emission factor available is a reasonable approach, as long as you acknowledge this limitation in your analysis.

If you do not have fuel consumption data for each vehicle, you may have to rely on distance-based emission factors, such as those provided in the EMEP/EEA air pollutant emission inventory guidebook 2019. Using fuel-based emission factors to convert to distance-based emission factors can introduce additional uncertainties, as the conversion factor would depend on the type of fuel and the vehicle's fuel economy, which you do not have. Therefore, using distance-based emission factors directly may be more appropriate in your case.

As for finding more specific emission factors for Belgium, you may want to consult national or regional emission inventories, or contact local experts or agencies. They may have more detailed and up-to-date information on emission factors for different vehicle types and categories.