Dear M. Imtiaz Khan

The detail answers to all your quries can be found on the following webpage:

https://science.nasa.gov/astrophysics/focus-areas/black-holes

Dear Khan

The detail answer can be viewed in the sttached link

https://global.jaxa.jp/article/special/astro_h/img/matsushita_title_e.jpg

really scientific, black whole theory

It is possible, that there exist different kinds of lack holes. all black holes are objects possessing the surface where the observed time is stopped. We are in the past of the Galaxy where the gravitational forces of attraction take a place. Gravitational fields in this region can be described in frames of Schwazschield model where the radius of central black hole is r_g = 2GM/^2. This description is applicable to planets, stars and thr Galaxy. We cannot understand what is inside the central black hole because the conditions onside it do not allow the existing of the human body inside the black hole. But we can consider the central black hole (for Galaxy, stars, the Sun, the Earth) as the inner flyer. It is possible that in the Universe another kinds of gravitation exist. But we live in the region where the Newtonian gravitation with small corrections in frames of GR exists. The black holes of Galaxy and some its objects are results of compression of th observed time, but we live near to the Earth surface and far from the Center of Galaxy, therefore we can only assume what is the time possessing very great density.

Intergalactic materials and debris, available in a region, form a galactic cloud. Galactic cloud gradually condenses under mutual gravitational attractions between matter-particles in it. Galactic cloud, invariably, acquires spin motion during its gravitational collapse. The central region of the spinning galactic cloud condenses to form a black hole. Except for its extremely large 3D matter-content, a black hole is like any other macro body. It has no exotic properties. Matter particles/bodies in the outer region of the spinning galactic cloud, which overcome gravitational attraction towards the central region by centrifugal actions on them, tend to coagulate into macro bodies of different sizes that form galaxy about the central black hole. 3D matter, near fringes of a stable galaxy, provide surrounding halo that keeps the galaxy steady in space. Each stable galaxy is an independent body (without translation in space) that maintains distances between its neighbors constant. www.matterdoc.info

Nainan

All objects of the Universe are built in corresponds to common lows, but structures of galaxies, stars, planets possess especial properties. Every structure is a result of concentration of the Time (energetic world). In other words, every material body is the place of maximal concentration of Time. All material bodies are formed from condensation of different layers, possessing different densities: the top layers possess small densities, and theirs density increase in the direction to the Center. Gravitation is a result of condensation of layers. As known, gravitation of attraction is linked with the temp of Time and temp is linked with the density of Time. The temporal component of Time is g_00 = 1 - r_g/r in the Schwarzshield metric. We see that the Time is stopped by r = r_g = 2GM/c^2. It is the state of collapse: g_00 = 0 --- the Time is stopped. As known, the time in our w0rld flows from the past to the future, where the past is in the Center of every structure. This situation is realized in thr Schwarzshield gravitati0n, which is generalization of Newtonian gravitation of attraction. We cannot be sure that gravitation of repulsion does not exist. We can linked the gravitation of repulsion with the rotation: we know that the rotation decreases attraction: the weight of rotating bodies decreases. We habit in the region with gravitation of attraction therefore the density of layers increases to the Center, therefore the Center of Galaxy is black hole.

May be white holes exist in the Universe? We know from GR that black holes are results of maximal compression of the observed time. What can be white holes? It follows from the theory of physical observed values that the elementary interval of the observed time is d\tau = [1 - (w + v_iu^i)/c^2]. It follows that d\tau = 0 also by the condition w + v_iu^i = c^2, where w is 3-dimensional gravitational potential, v_i is the velocity of 3=space rotation, u^i is the 3-velocity. We see that the object is collapsed as a result of gravitational action and of 3-space rotation. This hole is not the black one, because the rotation acts together with gravitation of attraction. If gravitation absences, collapse is possible by the condition v_iu^i = c^2. This object must qutckly rotate and move. May be such objects (white holes) exist in the Universe.

Planets, stars, galaxies,... existing inside regions where Newtonian forces of attraction exist are created in correspond to the same direction ---- compressing of the time, which creates layers of different density. The new body is homogeneous at first, then this structure transforms to layers: the layers of small densities are near to the surface, then layers with great densities are. Every structure absorbs energies of surrounding space. It is evidently, that its substance will possess the most density in the center. Every object of the Universe absorbs the energy of Time and transforms it to the substance and radiation. The limit of this process takes a place in the case when the time is stopped, because it annot more create the substance and radiation in our material world, The time is stopped at the surface of the Schwarzschield sphere with the radius of black hole r_g = 2GM/c^2. It does not mean that th density inside black hole possesses the great density. Collapse does not a compressing of matter --- it is the transformation and overcome from the our material Universe. So, the black holes inside galaxies are doors in the another worlds.

For your attention.

Bjørn Ekeberg is a philosopher of science and author of Metaphysical Experiments, published by University of Minnesota Press.

It might be worth stopping and asking why astrophysicists assume that dark matter is all over the universe. The answer lies in a special feature of cosmological physics that is not often talked about. The most important function of theories such as dark matter, dark energy, and inflation, each of which is related in its own way to the big bang paradigm, is not to describe known empirical phenomena, but to maintain the mathematical consistency of the structure itself, taking into account conflicting observations. Basically, they are names for something that should exist, since the structure is considered universal.

Each new discrepancy between observation and theory, of course, in itself can be seen as an exciting promise of new research, a gradual approach to the truth. But when they add up, they can also offer a more complex problem that cannot be solved by adjusting parameters or adding new variables.

Despite the advanced technologies and techniques involved, the severe limitations of this venture also increase the risk of being confused by assumptions that cannot be calculated.

The theory of inflation relies on special adaptations to take into account practically any data, and because its supposed physical field is not based on anything that has empirical justification. This is probably due to the fact that the most important function of inflation is the transition from the unknowable Big Bang to physics, which we can recognize today. So, is this science or a handy invention?