I am trying to measure the immune response of chickens vaccinated with inactivated influenza vaccine. However, when trying to optimize the coating antigen concentration, i am observing a high background in the blank wells (coated only with antigen, skipping the primary antibody and then the usual procedures of ELISA).
The antigen used is whole avian influenza virus grown in eggs, concentrated by ultra-centrifuge and then purified with 30/60% sucrose step gradient.
The conditions i tried with ELISA:
Coating with 4 concentration (4,2,1, and 0.5 ug/ml)
Blocking combination: 5% or 10% nonfat dry milk.
Washing 4X-6X with PBS + 0.05% tween
Dilution of antibodies (1ry or 2ry ) is in 2.5% nonfat dry milk.
Secondary antibody is goat anti chicken IgG in concentration of 1:1000 of diluent.
what i observed till now is as follow :
5% milk : OD of 1.7 in 4ug concentration, 1.4 in 2ug concentration, 1.0 in 1ug and finally 0.7 in 0.5ug.
10% milk (slight reduction in OD compared to 5%milk) 1.2 in 4ug concentration, 1.1 in 2ug concentration, 0.8 in 1ug and finally 0.4 in 0.5ug.
Is there any suggestions to reduce this backgrounds?
To my knowledge, the problem is the agg adapted virus against the anti-chicken conjugate. You can start cultivating your virus on non-avian cell line MDCK for example. This will give you more purified virus and very little background.
I have been measuring influenza specific antibodies (IgA, IgG & IgM) in human subjects vaccinated with TIV (Kurupati et al. B cell responses to the 2011/12-influenza vaccine in the aged. Aging (Albany NY). 2013 Mar;5(3):209-26). The protocol should be the same in chickens too. We do purify the virus in the eggs by similar method as you described but with minor modifications.
Points to consider:
I have used 55-10% sucrose density gradient
The antigen concentration we used was 10 ug/mL (after titration)
Blocking buffer is 3% BSA in PBS for 2 hours at RT
You also need to titrate your primary and secondary antibodies based on abundance. In our case we have used 1/100 for IgA, IgM and 1/500 dilution for primary antibodies from serum.
Same goes for secondary. I used 1/1000 for IgA, IgM and 1/3000 for IgG.
Hope this helps.
Raj
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23674565
Article B cell responses to the 2011/12-influenza vaccine in the aged
1. Change your blocking buffer. You can try 1% BSA in your blocking buffer instead of using nonfat dry milk.
2. Add some tween to you blocking buffer. You can try and add a little tween (0.05%) to your blocking buffer as well to reduce the background.
3. What is your substrate that you are using? The problem could also be there and changing it could increase your signal to noise ratio and therefore reduce your background.