Both?

I think both are linked, like a two-way path. But if I had to choose, efficiency would be the priority because as more efficient the removal is more reduction of ecotoxicity we get.

In my opinion, both efficacy and ecotoxicity need to be monitored. Ecotoxicity shows whether intermediates are formed that may be more toxic than the parent pollutants. Effectiveness shows how the target pollutants are eliminated. During electrokinetic remediation, intermediate pollutants may be formed that are no longer removed and, because they are unknown, cannot be determined, but if they are toxic and hazardous to the environment they can be detected just by ecotoxicity tests without chemical determination.

Dear Wenle Hu . See the following useful RG link: Chapter Advances in Electrokinetic Remediation for the Removal of Or...

Kindly see also the following useful RG links: Article Critical Review of Electro-kinetic Remediation of Contaminat...

Article Strategies for the sustainable practice of electrokinetic te...

Also check please the following useful RG links: Article Research on Progress in Combined Remediation Technologies of...

https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01577861v2/document

The following RG links are also very useful: Article Remediation of Soils Contaminated by Pesticides Using Physic...

https://openresearchafrica.org/articles/5-21

https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fenvs.2018.00079/full

Visit also the following useful links: https://go.gale.com/ps/i.do?id=GALE%7CA671531209&sid=googleScholar&v=2.1&it=r&linkaccess=abs&issn=00496979&p=AONE&sw=w

http://www.investigo.biblioteca.uvigo.es/xmlui/bitstream/handle/11093/1986/Cameselle_Claudio_2021_Enh_ele_rem.pdf?sequence=1

http://electrochemsci.org/papers/vol7/7054528.pdf

https://polarresearch.net/index.php/polar/article/view/3225/xml_31

I also think that you should focus on both of them, since one is important from the technical point of view and the other one from the "ecological" one.

In my opinion, not only remediation with electrokinetic technology but also every remediation technology should be focused on both removal efficiency and ecotoxicity.