I want to know the necessity and significance of both culture dependent and culture independent techniques for analysis of microbial community in fermented food sample.
It also depends on what is your research question.
The culture-dependent method gives you a better chance for a more in-depth study of a few (selected) colonies. For example, do isolations, single-cell sequencing, metabolism analysis, etc. also you should keep in mind that there are many microoganisms cannot be cultured yet.
The culture independent method let you know better of the general microbial communities, and by using the specially designed primers, you can also highlight a specific group of microorganisms from the general communities.