redox processes of these toxic elements are under-studied and molecular level details are lacking.
As in the environment exists as arsenate As(V) and arsenite As(III). This is also toxic to human
environment and lead to several health problems in human. The penta-valent As is more toxic than the
tri-valent As . Surface mediated redox process of As(V) and As(III) on Fe-sulfide mineral surfaces,
such as pyrite and mackinawite , are unexplored and not well understood.
An(VI) (An = U, Np, and Pu) is one of the most stable oxidation state for the actinides and exists as alinear oxo cation, in particular for the U and Pu. In contrast, for the Np the stable oxidation state is V forthe actinyl species. These actinyl ions are soluble in aqueous environment and highly mobile; this makesthese ions for their active transport process into the geosphere. These are radioactive materials, highly
hazardous and lead to long term severe contaminations. Reduction process of these highly mobile and
soluble actinyl ions are often catalyzed by the redox-active semiconducting minerals.
redox processes of these toxic elements are under-studied and molecular level details are lacking.
As in the environment exists as arsenate As(V) and arsenite As(III). This is also toxic to human
environment and lead to several health problems in human. The penta-valent As is more toxic than the
tri-valent As . Surface mediated redox process of As(V) and As(III) on Fe-sulfide mineral surfaces,
such as pyrite and mackinawite , are unexplored and not well understood.
An(VI) (An = U, Np, and Pu) is one of the most stable oxidation state for the actinides and exists as alinear oxo cation, in particular for the U and Pu. In contrast, for the Np the stable oxidation state is V forthe actinyl species. These actinyl ions are soluble in aqueous environment and highly mobile; this makesthese ions for their active transport process into the geosphere. These are radioactive materials, highly
hazardous and lead to long term severe contaminations. Reduction process of these highly mobile and
soluble actinyl ions are often catalyzed by the redox-active semiconducting minerals.