Dear Aderoju,

There are some options but there is still a lot to be tested. Those 2 reviews might help you with your brain-storm:

Article Sterile-Insect Methods for Control of Mosquito-Borne Disease...

https://www.nature.com/articles/ncomms11772

If you have any trouble to access it, please let me know

Best regards

the available techniques are not cost effective

Thank you all for the answers.

Dear Aderoju,

While in service at National Centre for Disease Control, India I have prepared an “eco-friendly” protozoan biocontrol agent for mosquitoes. It is available in a semi-dry formulation and packed in a sachet (Tea/infusion bag) wherein the agent (Chilodonella uncinata, an endoparasitic ciliate) remains in dorment stage. On dipping the formulation in affected water will revive the biocontrol agent (Chilodonella uncinata) will kill pest mosquito larvae thereby controlling vector density. Patent application filed based on this technology has so far been granted by seven countries, viz. USA, Australia, Sri Lanka, Vietnam, Bangladesh, Philippines and India.

Laboratory evaluation carried out at four institutes in India revealed Anopheline larvae were most sensitive. 30g infusion bag formulation of this biolarvicide (Chilodonella uncinata BP 610-2016 strain) in Delhi, India provided 3 months control of Ae. aegypti in 40 liter domestic water storage tub. However, I do not know when the general public will be benefited as technology transfer is yet to completed.

Best regards

Dear Paul, what you are talking is "species sanitation" means "No anopheles...No malaria". I am afraid this is not possible in a huge place like Africa where several vector species of Anopheles are involved in malaria transmission and breeding sites are innumerable. The concept of "species sanitation" can best be tried in a small geographical area but not in a vast geographical area like a country or continent. "Species sanitation" is possible theoretically but not practically

Thank you Dr Prakash

I worked with Dr. Dov Borovsky on TMOF, the natural Trypsin Modulating Oostatic Factor. It is the factor that regulates trypsin production in all female mosquitoes, because females need trypsin to digest their blood meal. It is the diet pill for adult female mosquitoes, but its presence in larvae prevents larvae from growing as well, and the larvae starve. The trick is how to treat them. A combination of a GE TMOF-producing microorganism can be applied in nature with an adjuvant such as BTi. would go a long way to actual use. This is a long-term dream, but it has been used in the field in Thailand and other South Asian countries. Look it up!

Yes. It's called larval source management (LSM). It is effective and cost efficient. I recommend the following Articles.

Tusting LS, Thwing J, Sinclair D, Fillinger U, Gimnig J, Bonner KE, Bottomley C, Lindsay SW: Mosquito larval source management for controlling malaria. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2013, 8: CD008923

Maheu-Giroux M, Castro M: Impact of community-based larviciding on the prevalence of malaria infection in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. PLoS One. 2013, 8: e71638-10.1371/journal.pone.0071638

Worrall E, Fillinger U: Large-scale use of mosquito larval source management for malaria control in Africa: a cost analysis. Malar J. 2011, 10: 338-10.1186/1475-2875-10-338.

Fillinger U, Lindsay SW. 2006. Suppression of exposure to malaria vectors by an order of magnitude using microbial larvicides in rural Kenya. Trop Med Int Health 11:1629–1642.

Breeding site of anopheles are difficult if not impossible to predict for such reason that they breed in small pools of water that was caused by rainfall; hence Africa is full of possible breeding sites for the said mosquitoes. According to CDC or Center for disease control and prevention the breeding/ the larval control in Africa can be done through several modifications such as draining and filling the formed waters or through the use of larvacides in eliminating the existing larvae of the anopheles.

Reference:

CDC - Malaria - Malaria Worldwide - How Can Malaria Cases and Deaths Be Reduced? - Larval Control and Other Vector Control Interventions. (2018, July 23). Retrieved from https://www.cdc.gov/malaria/malaria_worldwide/reduction/vector_control.html

There is no way to stop the breeding of those female Anopheles mosquitoes, but there is a preventive way for the breeding of Anopheles mosquitoes and according to Communicable Diseases Module: 9. Malaria Prevention: Environmental Management and Larviciding for Vector Control ( https://www.open.edu/openlearncreate/mod/oucontent/view.php?id=92&printable=1) is

• Removal or destruction of breeding sites. Mosquitoes do not need big swamps, ponds and big water bodies to lay their eggs and complete their life cycle. ...
• Filling breeding sites. ...
• Drainage. ...
• Open ditches. ...
• Planting eucalyptus trees.

I worked on the TMOF, (Trypsin Modulating Oostatic Factor) a natural small peptide that kills mosquito larvae. It is normally produced as a signal by all female mosquito digestive systems when it is time for the female to stop producing Trypsin for digesting its most recent blood meal. The female will then fill its empty eggs with egg yolk to make them viable. However, if this natural peptide is introduced into the female early, Trypsin is not produced and the eggs will never hatch. It is "birth control for mosquitoes". You may follow publications on this discovery and patented work on RG under my name, and Dr. Dov Borovsky. OOps I am frightened back to my desk by COVID-19 and missed having already sent my last note.

Suggested reading on this topic.

Article Bacterial larvicides used for malaria vector control in sub-...

Larval Source Management works. It can be done in Africa!

I appreciate every intelligent individuals who have contributed solutions to this African and Asia pandemic called malaria.

I read today on linkedin about a particular vacine that was developed and tested in Burkina Faso.

It was said the vacine was 77% potent. The question is this, will 77% potency of a vacine solve African problems.

I appreciate every intelligent individuals who have contributed solutions to this African and Asia pandemic called malaria.

I read today on linkedin about a particular vacine that was developed and tested in Burkina Faso.

It was said the vacine was 77% potent. The question is this, will 77% potency of a vacine solve African problems.

I appreciate every intelligent individuals who have contributed solutions to this African and Asia pandemic called malaria.

I read today on linkedin about a particular vacine that was developed and tested in Burkina Faso.

It was said the vacine was 77% potent. The question is this, will 77% potency of a vacine solve African problems.

I appreciate every intelligent individuals who have contributed solutions to this African and Asia pandemic called malaria.

I read today on linkedin about a particular vacine that was developed and tested in Burkina Faso.

It was said the vacine was 77% potent. The question is this, will 77% potency of a vacine solve African problems.

I appreciate every intelligent individuals who have contributed solutions to this African and Asia pandemic called malaria.

I read today on linkedin about a particular vacine that was developed and tested in Burkina Faso.

It was said the vacine was 77% potent. The question is this, will 77% potency of a vacine solve African problems.

I appreciate every intelligent individuals who have contributed solutions to this African and Asia pandemic called malaria.

I read today on linkedin about a particular vacine that was developed and tested in Burkina Faso.

It was said the vacine was 77% potent. The question is this, will 77% potency of a vacine solve African problems.

I appreciate every intelligent individuals who have contributed solutions to this African and Asia pandemic called malaria.

I read today on linkedin about a particular vacine that was developed and tested in Burkina Faso.

It was said the vacine was 77% potent. The question is this, will 77% potency of a vacine solve African problems.

I appreciate every intelligent individuals who have contributed solutions to this African and Asia pandemic called malaria.

I read today on linkedin about a particular vacine that was developed and tested in Burkina Faso.

It was said the vacine was 77% potent. The question is this, will 77% potency of a vacine solve African problems.

I appreciate every intelligent individuals who have contributed solutions to this African and Asia pandemic called malaria.

I read today on linkedin about a particular vacine that was developed and tested in Burkina Faso.

It was said the vacine was 77% potent. The question is this, will 77% potency of a vacine solve African problems.

I appreciate every intelligent individuals who have contributed solutions to this African and Asia pandemic called malaria.

I read today on linkedin about a particular vacine that was developed and tested in Burkina Faso.

It was said the vacine was 77% potent. The question is this, will 77% potency of a vacine solve African problems.

I appreciate every intelligent individuals who have contributed solutions to this African and Asia pandemic called malaria.

I read today on linkedin about a particular vacine that was developed and tested in Burkina Faso.

It was said the vacine was 77% potent. The question is this, will 77% potency of a vacine solve African problems.

I appreciate every intelligent individuals who have contributed solutions to this African and Asia pandemic called malaria.

I read today on linkedin about a particular vacine that was developed and tested in Burkina Faso.

It was said the vacine was 77% potent. The question is this, will 77% potency of a vacine solve African problems.

I appreciate every intelligent individuals who have contributed solutions to this African and Asia pandemic called malaria.

I read today on linkedin about a particular vacine that was developed and tested in Burkina Faso.

It was said the vacine was 77% potent. The question is this, will 77% potency of a vacine solve African problems.

I appreciate every intelligent individuals who have contributed solutions to this African and Asia pandemic called malaria.

I read today on linkedin about a particular vacine that was developed and tested in Burkina Faso.

It was said the vacine was 77% potent. The question is this, will 77% potency of a vacine solve African problems.

I appreciate every intelligent individuals who have contributed solutions to this African and Asia pandemic called malaria.

I read today on linkedin about a particular vacine that was developed and tested in Burkina Faso.

It was said the vacine was 77% potent. The question is this, will 77% potency of a vacine solve African problems.

I appreciate every intelligent individuals who have contributed solutions to this African and Asia pandemic called malaria.

I read today on linkedin about a particular vacine that was developed and tested in Burkina Faso.

It was said the vacine was 77% potent. The question is this, will 77% potency of a vacine solve African problems.

I appreciate every intelligent individuals who have contributed solutions to this African and Asia pandemic called malaria.

I read today on linkedin about a particular vacine that was developed and tested in Burkina Faso.

It was said the vacine was 77% potent. The question is this, will 77% potency of a vacine solve African problems.

We have worked on many schemes for mosquito control for malaria vectors; So far, they are all intensive and expensive. My favorite is TMOF, Trypsin Modulating Oostatic Factor which we worked on 30 years ago. Lab and Field work (see Dov Borovsky here on RG) involved genetically engineering of several vector species of plants to synthesize TMOF, then treat standing water so that mosquito larvae filter feed and consume this material. Larvae than die of starvation because they cannot synthesize their digestive enzyme Trypsin. Many of these procedures were patented in the USA and elsewhere. Most field work was done in Malaysia.

Thank you, David.