My research topic for my final year of undergraduate study is "Extraction and yield optimization of essential oils from clove." I have searched for many papers related to this. Can you give me your ideas for waste from clove buds, clove stems, and clove leaves in the process of essential oil extraction from clove?
After essential oil extraction, waste from clove buds, stems, and the leaves can be repurposed into biodegradable packaging, biofuels, or raw materials for biodegradable plastics. Additionally, residual materials may contain bioactive compounds suitable for use in nutraceuticals and cosmetics, promoting sustainability in clove resource utilization.
Clove bud waste can be composted, used for antioxidants/polyphenols extraction, or converted to activated carbon. Clove stem waste is suitable for biochar, bioethanol, natural fibers, or pesticide production. Clove leaf waste can yield residual oils, be processed into animal feed, or serve as a source of phytochemicals. General uses include enzyme production, paper making, and soil improvement.
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