The photosynthetic ability of plantlets enriched with CO2 enhanced, which resulted in significant increases in shoot growth and dry matter accumulation. Rubisco is a major controlling factor of photosynthesis in plantlets cultured under ambient CO2 and saturating irradiance. The decline in Rubisco activity may be attributed to a decrease in Rubisco protein, its activation state, or its specific activity. Furthermore, higher CO2 concentrations cause an increase in the proportion of Rubisco in the activated state, resulting in improved efficiency in the use of resources.