Hello Sedigheh Ranjbar

AMPs enhance the body’s ability to fight microbes rather than directly killing bacteria. AMPs affect gene expression in different cells which include macrophages, neutrophils, monocytes, and epithelial cells, and cause these cells to release chemokines and cytokines, which cause leukocytes to return to the infection site, induce cell differentiation, activate certain cells, and block or activate the Toll-like receptor signaling cascade. Infection prevention, inflammation management, healing of wounds, and provoking the defense of adaptive immunity are all aided by their actions.

Current understanding of IBD etiology is that abnormalities in mucosal innate immune response cause a loss of tolerance to commensal microbiota and alterations in the composition of the gut microbiota. The host immune system is subsequently overwhelmed by bacterial antigens which lead to chronic immune-mediated intestinal injury.

Numerous clinical studies have linked chronic intestinal inflammation to an altered expression and secretion of AMPs, and this seems to be the key mechanism.

You may want to refer to the article attached below. The study shows that the dysregulation of AMPs in IBD mucosa is the consequence of inflammation but may be responsible for perpetuation of inflammation due to ineffective clearance of microorganisms.

Article Mucosal Gene Expression of Antimicrobial Peptides in Inflamm...

Hope this helps!

Best.

AMPs can both increase or decrease the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, the molecular mechanisms are poorly understood, AMPs affect several molecular pathways...

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