Some scientists depend in the interpretation of their area on equations made by some scientists that depend on empirical relationships between different variables
You are absolutely correct. The published literature on permeability in packed and empty conduits is filled with rubbish. A new model, the QFFM, was published in 2019. It is called Quinn's Law of Fluid dynamics and you can google it for free. It is the new gold standard and has been validated over 11 orders of magnitude, i.e. from creeping flow to fully developed turbulence.