Hi all,
I have some confusions regarding ultimate (elemental) and proximate analysis
1) Should the sum of all percentages be always 100 (for both analyses)?
(Figure 1 attached, doesn't make sense to me)
for balsa wood, C+H+N+S=100
for Eucalyptus, Ash+C+H+N+S+O=100
for rice husk, Ash+C+H+O=100
2) Is ash included in elemental analysis?
3) Is elemental analysis always based on dry/wet basis. what should we consider (dry or wet) if not mentioned?
4) If in elemental analysis, sum of all elements percentages equals 100, and humidity is also given (additional to 100%), then what is it, dry or wet basis elemental analysis? (figure 2)
Thanks
Dear Sir. Concerning your issue about the elemental and proximate analysis, wet and dry basis . In the proximate analysis, moisture, ash and volatile matter are determined. There are standard tests to determine proximate analysis. Moisture is determined by drying 1gm of sample at 105o C for 1hr. Weight loss is expressed in % of initial weight of sample. The main chemical elements in coal (apart from associated mineral matter) are C, O, H, N and S. The chemical analysis is very important to calculate material balance accurately and calorific value of coal. I think the following below links may help you in your analysis:
http://nptel.ac.in/courses/113104058/mme_pdf/Lecture2.pdf
https://mycourses.aalto.fi/pluginfile.php/137671/mod_resource/content/1/CGT%202015%20HW1%20-%20model%20answer%20v03.pdf
http://www.polarpelagic.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/Donnelly-et-al.-1993.pdf
Thanks
Dear MA Uzair,
This is to answer your questions;
1) Should the sum of all percentages be always 100 (for both analyses)?
Ans: Yes, the sum of Ultimate and proximate analyses should always be 100% irrespective of the reported basis. These include; as received (ar, wt%) basis, wet basis (wb, wt%), dry basis (db, wt%), or moisture or dry ash free basis (maf or daf, wt%).
2) Is ash included in elemental analysis?
Ans: No, not for all basis, but only for as received (ar, wt%)basis.
3) Is elemental analysis always based on dry/wet basis? What should we consider (dry or wet) if not mentioned?
Ans: No, this is at the discretion of the researcher. However, the most reported is dry basis and dry ash free basis.
4) If in elemental analysis, sum of all elements percentages equals 100, and humidity is also given (additional to 100%), then what is it, dry or wet basis elemental analysis?
Ans: It is wet basis.
For further explanation, kind refer to the book by Prabir Basu - Biomass gasification: theory and practice CRC press (2010).
Hope this helps with your research.
Best regards,
BBN
We have done proximate analysis of some small fishes by dry matter basis. Can we convert the result into wet basis?
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