Hello,
I have recently started working in electrodeposition of metals and alloys and I am quite new to this field. In literature I have seen that sometimes its electrochemically possible to form an alloy even if its thermodynamically not feasible to form at that temperature. Can somebody kindly recommend me some good literature on the theory of electrochemical alloy formation? especially at room or slightly elevated temperatures (100-150 oC).
Thank you.
Bassically, it is possible form alloys at room temberature due to the Nernst equation: if you able to get a similar reduction potential with two different metals you depotit a mixture (alloy) of the two. You can achive this goal adjusting temperature, pH, applied voltage, concentration and (expecially) using ligands.
In my knowledge the most recent review on electrodeposition of alloys is this: 10.3390/coatings5020195
Bassically, it is possible form alloys at room temberature due to the Nernst equation: if you able to get a similar reduction potential with two different metals you depotit a mixture (alloy) of the two. You can achive this goal adjusting temperature, pH, applied voltage, concentration and (expecially) using ligands.
In my knowledge the most recent review on electrodeposition of alloys is this: 10.3390/coatings5020195
Also, the thermodynamic and kinetic properties of hydrogen[1,2] and alkali[3-6] metals (low temperature) alloys, as potential electrodes for energy storage, are well known, today.
1. HYDRIDES ALLOYS FOR HYDROGEN STORAGE (focus on Fig4) http://mragheb.com/NPRE%20498ES%20Energy%20Storage%20Systems/Metal%20Hydrides%20Alloys%20for%20Hydrogen%20Storage.pdf
2. Advanced hydrogen storage alloys for Ni/MH rechargeable batteries http://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlelanding/2011/jm/c0jm01921f/unauth#!divAbstract
3. Lithium and Sodium-Ion Batteries: The Replacement of the Metal-Anode http://ma.ecsdl.org/content/MA2015-03/2/569.abstract
4. Materials science principles related to alloys of potential use in rechargeable lithium cells https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0378775389800205?via%3Dihub &
http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-ref_query?bibcode=1989JPS....26..109H&refs=CITATIONS&db_key=PHY
5. Alternative strategy for a safe rechargeable battery http://pubs.rsc.org/en/Content/ArticleLanding/2017/EE/C6EE02888H#!divAbstract
6. Comparison between potentiostatic and galvanostatic intermittent titration techniques... https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022072805001786
As far as the codeposition of metals is concerned, the difference in the standard reduction potentials of those metals decides weather co deposition can occur or not. if you want to co deposit two metals, bring down the difference in their reduction potentials. this can be either done by using a complexing agent or by play with other variables in the Nernst equation. This way you can form mixture/alloys of two or more metals.
Refer this book titled "Electrodeposition of Alloys: Principles and Practice by Abner Brenner". this may help you.
I completely agree with our colleagues but you should consider that not all of the mixtures of metals follow the expected co-deposition mechanism. I.e: zinc with the ferrous metals (Fe, Ni, Co) does not deposit following their reduction potentials but they follow an anomalous co-deposition in which zinc deposits preferentially over the more noble metals.
Then, I suggest you to look for information specifically about the metals you are going to use.
These works may help you if you are interested in this topic
Anomalous Codeposition of Iron Group Metals: I. Experimental Results
Electrodeposition of zinc + iron alloys I . Analysis of the initial stages of the anomalous codeposition
ZnFe anomalous electrodeposition: Stationaries and local pH measurements
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