I have identified certain surface proteins which are showing both B and T cell responce and also use as adjuvant in vaccine formulation. that means we dont need any other adjuvant to induce immune responce but what if the same protein use as adjuvant for other vaccine formulation (for another disease)? how this two study can be differ?
the literature come across showed it is dependent on dose. is it the only thing?
Ideally, the adjuvants should not be immunogenic to themselves. However, there are adjuvants that produce antibodies to themselves, for example, monophosphoryl lipid A, which is a part of Cervarix and Shingrix vaccines and makes antibodies to Lipid A. This can lead to long term side effects or auto-immune diseases, if the antibodies to adjuvant cross-react with human tissues, as antibodies to lipid A have been reported to cross-react with human muscles. Therefore, it will depend upon the role of antibodies to your protein adjuvant. Secondly, What would happen when you use these adjuvants in multiple vaccines, and have pre-existing antibodies to the protein adjuvant used with another vaccine earlier?
Dear Rajesh K Gupta
very thanks for your helpful explanations. For me, a question has emerged from your last sentence. Do you mean that any novel commercial vaccine must use unprecedented adjuvants to prevent "pre-existing antibody" issue?
Respected Rajesh K Gupta , thank you so much for your explanation. you said right that the role of antibody is important to adjuvant is important. what i got to know from your answer is it depends on study which we are conducting. the protein which serve as vaccine candidate may serve as adjuvant for another study depend on dosage. where the role for adjuvant is only for enhacing immunogenic response for another vaccine candidate. i think i got it right?
Secondly, the protein that have been used as adjuvant in multiple vaccine but i donot found any paper showing pre-existing antibodies. But the same protein has shown both humoral and cell mediated immnue response in human. so is it possible that lower dose produce lesser immune response that is why it can be use as adjuvant?
Thank you
Hi dear,
There are two types of immunity response in the body, innate and specific. The goal of applying adjuvant in a vaccine is inducing of innate response, So it is better to refuse specific response in adjucant, even protein.
Best regard!
Ibrahim Farhani
thank you for your answer. but if we are getting T-cell response of an adjuvant then how can we use it. cant it interfere in determining the immune response for a vaccine candidate?
Ok, I think it will not be challenge when the adjuvant in formulation is used as vaccine candidate, even it is better because it is not detected an autoimmune response against adjuvant, but I told you apply adjuvant and antigen together, because the concentration of epitope in vaccine target must be high for proper inducing of specific immunity in the body, you can read my article about shigellosis infection. Although the flagellin is immunogen, but I apply it only as adjuvant in multi_epitope vaccine. I hope it will be helpful.
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