I am currently working on the process of a cross-cultural adaptation for a survey in English and want to translate it into another language. However, the original survey hasn't gone through a content validation process. It has been used for a descriptive study. So, I am wondering if I can start the process of cultural adaptation even the original one is not valid!
Yes, it does. A survey tool has to be linguistically, culturally, and statistically valid for cross-cultural adaptation. Besides, it should meet construct validity if it has not been administered, within the underlying theoretical framework, in a similar contextual setting. Therefore, its psychometric properties should be tested to ascertain its sound cross-cultural use. You could refer to the following articles for detailed relevant inputs.
Costa, F. A., Duggan, C., & Bates, I. (2007). A systematic approach to cross-cultural adaptation of survey tools. Pharmacy Practice (Internet), 5(3). https://doi.org/10.4321/S1886-36552007000300004
Epstein, J., Santo, R. M., & Guillemin, F. (2015). A review of guidelines for cross-cultural adaptation of questionnaires could not bring out a consensus. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology, 68(4), 435–441. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclinepi.2014.11.021
Gjersing, L., Caplehorn, J. R., & Clausen, T. (2010). Cross-cultural adaptation of research instruments: Language, setting, time and statistical considerations. BMC Medical Research Methodology, 10(1), 13. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2288-10-13
Knottnerus, J. A., & Tugwell, P. (2015). Inter-population differences in measuring: Appreciation by adaptation. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology, 68(4), 357–359. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclinepi.2015.02.004
Good luck,
Hello Saleh
I would not suggest going for adaptation if the original scale is not psychometrically robust. Reliability (internal consistency), Content validity, Convergent and Discriminant validity are the minimum that need to be established before treating a scale as a standardised one.
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