It was G.W.F Hegel who first criticized and questioned the continuation of the use of what he called the “metaphysical” mode of thought in natural science, which by his time came to some level of sophistication and differentiation. He proposed dialectics or the view of reason as the proper tool for acquiring positive knowledge of the world instead of the view of understanding and causality of old natural philosophy.
Karl Marx and Frederick Engels further developed dialectics to dialectical materialism as an all-round scientific tool to comprehend the development of nature, man and the mind. These vanguards sharpened the old dialectical tools to help equip the emerging proletariat for its historical task of propelling humanity to a higher stage of advancement. Engels, more than anyone else elaborated the views of dialectics in natural science. Subsequent progress in all areas of terrestrial sciences particularly the biological sciences, the Theory of Evolution and Quantum Mechanics vindicated the view that the dialectical laws assert themselves in the development of nature.
But official science is still openly hostile to the notions of dialectics and only reluctantly, by the way of exceptions and in isolated cases accepts its role. Once vibrant natural science, which brought in a revolutionary transformation of the human society and of mother earth within a span of few hundred years now finds itself tamed in the servitude of one small class represented by monopoly capital. Gone are the days of the free thinkers, the passionate and creative giants who pursued their profession for the mere thirst of knowledge under the most severe conditions and more often under the threat of persecution and death. They are now replaced by troops of conformed scientist serfs (paraphrased by the Bengali poet Rabindranath Tagore) who are totally dependent on monopoly capital for their livelihood, career and crafts and who toil mightily to bring out only expected and acceptable results. Brain-cooked, abstract Kantian logical/geometrical/mathematical categories-based esoteric theories, particularly the theories of relativity and the resulting endless scholasticism is the only mainstay pabulum nourishing modern physics. This is no different from medieval scholasticism practised by the priests.
The only difference from the previous history is that; subjectively motivated, contrived or even false claims of “proofs” of the official theories of physics and cosmology; lured by the promise of fame, fortune and fund is the dominant propaganda and pacifying tool of official science.