Try [email protected] she is prof of history of medicine in Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (Greece)

thank you. Theodossis.

Enclosed is a nice old picture that I once found on the internet that shows how old goiters (right) and thyroidectomy (left) are. Unfortunately I do not know the date or location of the picture.

Thank u very much.

jamshid

Dear Madam Marinelli Godfrey!

Its a great idea to build a website for Leonidas Marinelli. We use everyday the Marinelli method for RAI treatment. Its an honor to cite the papers of your father in our research.

thanks for your comment!

There is a book about the history of endocrine surgery in art that depicts numerous goiters.  It is written by Orlo Clark (and his wife).  Trying looking up that reference for assistance as well.  

Thank u very much james for u recommendation. Good idea!

jamshid

Say hello to Dr. Walz for me as well.  I visited Essen in 2010 to learn retroperitoneal approach to the adrenals.  

Look into thesis of George Maat, Leiden University, medical faculty

Here are a few  of references you can look up

McCarrison R. Observations on endemic goitre in the Chitral and Gilgit valleys. Med Chirr. Trans. 1906: 89; 437–470.

McCarrison R. Observations on endemic goitre in the Chitral and Gilgit valleys Lancet 1908: ii; 1275-80

McCarrison's R. Food and Goitre. British Medical Journal 1933 October 14th; 671.

Miles M. Goitre, Cretinism and Iodine in South Asia: Historical Perspectives on a continuing scourge. Medical History 1998: 42; 47-67

McGirr Edward M, Greig WR. Proceedings of the Royal Society of MedicineMeeting. Thyroid Disease, October 12 1967.

Creswell Eastman, Mu Li. Iodine Deficiency Disorders (IDD) in the Asia Pacific region (www.hot thyroidology.com), September, No 3, 2007

Gaitan E. Goitrogens in Food and water Annual Review of Nutrition. 1990:10; 21-39.

Ranil Fernando

In about 1860 the famous Rudolf Virchow asked a student in an examination: What is the function of the thyroid? The student said: I have known but I just forgot. Virchow said then: Oh my God, what a pity for the science of the world, you poor man, you were the only one person in the world who has known the function of the thyroid and you forgot it!!!! Oh my God!!

Just as an aside to Ranil Fernando's answer, the third last reference in his list includes as author, one of the two people that supervised my PhD in Glasgow (1968-72).  Bill (WR) Grieg was the inheritor of an enormous tradition on thyroid studies in the Royal Infirmary University Deptatment of Medicine.  McGirr was head of department at the time, a quite and reserved man.  Bill was more open and gregarious, but sadly died young.  He supervised my work on thyroid radiobiology in a rat thyroid model.  Subsequently this was continued in cell ultures with other workers, particularly Michael O'Connor and Carmel Mothersill in Dublin.

Fahrati found this:

The thyroid gland in works of famous old anatomists and great artists

Ignjatović,

Please take a look at the following references.

Article Thyroidology over the ages

Article Thyroid disorders in India: An epidemiological perspective

Well ... I don’t now , I now she is ocean physicochemistry bond and likes natural iodine from the ocean

The thyroid is a small tissue part of the neck that surrounds the throat and trachea and is attached to a couple of thyroid glands that regulate calcium in the blood. It controls the metabolism of all cells in the body. When the thyroid gland has many health problems, such as lack or increase of hormones, it adversely affects the rest of the body. So, there have been many studies and recent scientific research that proved that the practice of yoga exercises regularly contribute greatly to the treatment of thyroid problems.

There is a new American study entitled (Yoga and its impact on thyroid activity) published by the site of Life proves that the practice of hot yoga regulates thyroid secretions. As many yoga movements and positions within hot yoga halls help greatly enhance thyroid functions.

Hot Yoga is one of the most famous body and soul sports established by Bikram Choudhary and developed hot yoga at temperatures ranging from 95 to 105 Fahrenheit and 40% humidity. These studies have shown the benefits of yoga to increase the secretion of thyroid hormones in the case of inactivity. The practice of yoga regularly able to flow blood to the neck area, which helps in the secretion of thyroid hormone.

June 21, 2014 The United Nations announced that this day is the day of universal yoga practice. Where it is one of the largest events in the world, especially in the State of India. Because yoga has been established for 5,000 years in India and is one of the most important Indian customs, traditions and cultures. It is also a distinctive sport that includes mind, body and spirit. It also helps to feel comfortable and relax and solve many health problems especially thyroid problems.

Medical studies in the field of natural remedies have confirmed that all patients with thyroid problems and lack of activity must exercise in yoga. The position of the camel and the status of cobra is one of the most important conditions in the sport of yoga to treat thyroid problems and regulate the hormones produced by this important gland. It tightens the muscles of the neck, shoulders and neck and prevents hyperthyroidism or infection.

As another study by Tanta University in Egypt has shown, "Thyroid hormone controls the weight," says Dr. Essam Alwan, consultant gastroenterologist and endocrinologist: "The thyroid gland is considered to be the master's glands. Therefore, the practice of yoga limits the high blood cholesterol level, which causes an increase in weight and obesity, and thus affect the hormones responsible for the thyroid gland and suffer many problems.

Historical Aspects

Goitre is likely to have been in existence for a long time. Ancient Hindu accounts of medical literature contain references to goitre. Incantations against goitre from the period around 2000 B.C are found in the ancient Hindu text of Atharva-Veda. ‘Galganda’ was the name given by the early Hindu physicians Sushruta and Charaka (about 500 B.C.) to tumours of the neck. These tumours are generally considered to have been goitres according to Pandav (1979).

‘Galagandaya’ is the term used, in classical Sinhala language, to describe goitre. Although the role of iodine was unknown until the 19th Century, seaweed and burnt sea-sponge were advocated for the treatment of goitre in China over 4000 years ago. Chinese physicians of the Tang Dynasty (618-907 AD) were the first to successfully treat patients with goitre by using the iodine-rich thyroid gland of animals such as sheep and pigs in raw form, pill, or powdered-mixture-in-wine form. In 1811 Gay-Lussac identified a new element isolated from seaweed and named it iodine, from the Greek for violet.

There are several other historical notes on goitre from various parts of the world especially from Asia. Around 1180 AD, the Medieval Medical school of Salerno in Southern Italy, pioneered some work on goitres which is documented (Bifulco and Cavallo 2007).

Paracelsus, the Swiss born alchemist and physician was the first to describe a possible connection between goitres and drinking water. He postulated it to be due to lead. Many aetiological factors have been attributed to goitre since then. Sir Robert McCarrison's work on goitre in the Western Himalayas in 1902 is widely acclaimed as the beginning of serious scientific work on cretinism and the thyroid. There is evidence that goitre was recognized as a health problem even before that