That's a very broad question. You might have better luck if you search for terms such as "emotion socialization," "emotional competence," "emotion regulation," and/or "emotion understanding." You may want to start with the Handbook of Child Psychology. Even outdated editions have decent chapters on emotional development and emotion socialization. Eisenberg, Cumberland, & Spinrad (1998) is a well-cited article on the topic; you may want to start there.
As Scott said, it's a broad topic. I send you a research trying to develop children's social understanding in preschoolers using stories.
You might want to look into programs that focus on SEL (social and emotional learning).
The Susan Crowne Exchange is currently funding a project exploring how exemplary out-of-school programs for adolescents foster the development of social-emotional skills. The focus includes "emotion management" and "teamwork/empathy" as well as other SEL skills.
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