Recycled products or products that contain secondary raw materials can make up a core constituent of a large number of consumer and industrial products. Governments and industry have allowed the development of recycling systems for certain products in view to provide a comparatively lower level of environmental load compared to virgin materials, for example renewable energies (e.g. as biogas from waste) instead of fossil fuels. E-waste recycling is on the agenda, but solved?

Although recycled products may be environmentally preferable based on reduced demand for virgin materials and reduced amounts of waste going to landfills. De facto, many recycling products fail in the longer run due to lack of markets or deteriorating markets, other reasons or negative customers responses a) based on disadvantages of the recycling product or b) due to the customer suspicion that such products may have ‘less quality or value’ and c) because they are subsidized.

Also many companies, agencies etc promote certain recycling products and offer ‘quality standards/logos’ it can be witnessed that many recycling initiatives are ‘more risky and less stable’ if compared with traditional production methods or even need to be subsidized in order to be maintained over longer time periods (e.g. compost).

If these assumptions are valid which criteria and parameters are crucial to assess validity of recycling products in an integrated manner before market introduction?

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