In the Museum we are analyzing how typhus affected the population of Saint Sebastian after the Siege (1813) and we would like to know if there are more references about its effects that we haven't found, especially about France or Spain.
In my monography "Aspectos médico-sanitarios de la Guerra de la Independencia en Ciudad Rodrigo (1808-1814)" (Salamanca: Diputación de Salamanca, 2011), I study the case of typhus and other health problems in the sieges and after them in Ciudad Rodrigo (Salamanca).
War Epidemics: An Historical Geography of Infectious Diseases in Military Conflict and Civil Strife, 1850-2000
Matthew Smallman-Raynor, Andrew Cliff
Below are a few links to articles on the epidemic typhus during the Napoleonic Wars.
Article Peterson from 1995:
http://entomology.montana.edu/historybug/napoleon/typhus_russia.htm
Beautyfull article of Sergio Sabbatani from 2006 (unfortunatelly, in Italian):
http://www.infezmed.it/VisualizzaUnArticolo.aspx?Anno=2006&numero=4&ArticoloDaVisualizzare=Vol_14_4_2006_11
Interesting text from a web page historion.net:
http://historion.net/napoleons-campaign-russia/treatment-typhus
You can try to search here : http://www.persee.fr/
This website provide results for history of pharmacy and medicine
The prevailing opinion according to a tv feature seems to be that most of the soldiers died not fro Rickettsiois, but from the exceptional cold (minus 18C from average) brought about by 5 volcanoe eruptions during the summer before on the southern hemisphere. kr gt
Look at the Medical and Surgical History of the War of the Rebellion Part III, Vol 1 Medcial History. It can be found online at the Medical Heritage Library on Interenet Archive url https://archive.org/details/MSHWRMedical3.
Also try NLM Index Cat (online Index Medicius) to search for contemporary accounts at url http://indexcat.nlm.nih.gov
There is a book by Frederick Cartwright called Disease in History, which as an entire chapter on this topic called General Napolon and General Typhus." The account is somewhat dated (the book was written in 1981) but I do believe it's a good starting point to build a paper trail. (I'll try to attach the chapter itself but don't have the notes and "for further reading" pages thta might be of more help. Another closer to contemporary (to the actual event) publication is Rudolf Virchow's treatise on typhus called. On Famine Fever and other cognate forms. I've attached PDF versions of the documents .. pleae forgive the idiosyncratic highlights and crossed portions.
Our article published in peer-reviewed Journal "Communicative & Integrative Biology". A few major points discussed in the paper:
(1) Brain is not the source of consciousness.
(2) Consciousness is ubiquitous in all living organisms, starting from bacteria to human beings.
(3) The individual cells in the multicellular organisms are also individually cognitive entities.
(4) Proposals like “artificial life”, “artificial intelligence”, “sentient machines” and so on are only fairytales because no designer can produce an artifact with the properties like internal teleology (Naturzweck) and formative force (bildende Kraft).
(5) The material origin of life and objective evolution are only misconceptions that biologists must overcome.
http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/19420889.2015.1085138
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