In my activity within ABRAM (Autonomous BRAking for Motorcycles) project, I am trying to evaluate the potential benefits of an autonomous emergency braking system applied to motorcycles (also known as MAEB). Currently the potential benefits are expressed in terms of impact speed reduction.
Common sense suggests that a reduction in the impact speed may lead to a reduction in the severity of the crash outcomes. However, only a proof of a correlation between some crash parameters and injury outcomes would provide the fundamental support for assessing the potential benefits of MAEB.
Hi Giovanni,
Gueven was working on this for some time...
Best regards,
ioannis
Although a statistical correlation isn't presented, the MAIDS report has some relevant data showing an increase in injury severity (MAIS) with impact speed. I think you would need to factor in things such as helmet use and single vs multi-vehicle accidents in any such analysis (eg, single vehicle accidents may be more severe because they occur at higher speeds). I also expect there are published studies which will answer your question more precisely, but I don't have time to dig them up at present.
Hello Giovanni,
I can not give you a direct hint, but can refer you to experts working in this field. You might want to ask Peter Saleh from the Austrian Institute of Technology (e-mail: [email protected]) he is working in the field of motorcycle safety and might give you some recommendations. Furthermore German FGSV (standardizing body in the field of road traffic) has a working group on this issue. Maybe you contact the chair of this working group to ask for further information ([email protected]).
Greetings
Lars
In case you don't find any study which is directly related to your question: Why not use the well established Power Model of Nilsson (see Elvik R. 2009)? Considering the vulnerability of bikers which is much higher rather than of car occupants, the model would provide you at least the lower limits of speed impact on the results of accidents.
In case you haven't seen it, this might be useful:
Savolainen, P., & Mannering, F. (2007). Probabilistic models of motorcyclists' injury severities in single- and multi-vehicle crashes. Accident Analysis & Prevention, 39(5), 955-963.
I think you might profitably slightly alter the frame of reference to get the most useful answers towards such braking in live contexts The combination of ABS, traction control AND autonomous braking is the key issue. The rider is not a passive dummy, and uses that he/she can reliably. This close analog to ESC is the ability brake AND steer at once, and is highly desirable.: I have (still unfortunately only anecdotal) reports of BMW 1000RR riders recovering form events that they really should not have bene able to as a result of being able to use the interactions of ABS etc etc that these machines offer. Fred mannerings work predates such expansions of rider/machine responses and might need some modification to encompass the expanded set of responses in the equivalent circumstances. This might require the dynamic stability models of motorcycles(such as the Imperial Control group's work using the widely used BikeSIM) and the Policy driver/rider joint dynamics models to address. The assumption that autonomous braking is disconnected from the rider, which is an intrinsic component of the rider/mc system is missing. After all the impact survivability range for helmets is severely circumscribed as well- and due to the actual dynamic of the impacts that the helmet encounters (rarely head on into a solid wall) works rather surprisingly well-- a similar expanded contextual approach might be beneficial to be taken on your project. If anything Ive said is of any interest at all, it might be interesting to discuss in person as Im in Florence in the first week of April..
Hi Giovanni. I am aware of some uk reports relating to motorcyclist crash speeds, injuries and outcomes and head protection. I remember that crash helmets on the whole minimised head injuries at low and moderate speeds and hence death from head injury. At higher speeds the injuries to the rest of the riders bodies were the cause of death and death would have followed whether or not the rider wore a helmet.
As a motorcyclist, I am very sceptical about the benefits or acceptability of an autonomous braking system on a motorcycle. You will have to present very strong evidence of its benefits in order to get it accepted by riders.
Motorcycling of itself is not hazardous. It is however very unforgiving of mistakes. Individuals who are not comfortable with that or who are prone to making mistakes should probably not ride motorcycles.
Jonathan
The linear correlation between motorcycle crash speed, crash speed squared (as a measure of KE) and various measures of injury severity (ISS, AISmax, Brain AISmax, etc.) runs in the neighborhood of .25 - .35. This was true for Hurt study, Thailand study and MAIDS data. Terry Smith's 2009 MAIDS paper showed a significant correlation of precrash (running) speed and injury severity but not crash speed.
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