In determining the best system to transport biogas from small anaerobic digestion plants to a centralized upgrading hub plant, several factors need to be considered, including cost-effectiveness, efficiency, safety, and environmental impact. Both road and pipeline transport have their advantages and limitations, so the choice depends on various specific circumstances and priorities.

• Advantages: Road transport allows flexibility in routing and is relatively quick to implement. It is suitable for shorter distances and areas with existing road infrastructure. It can accommodate intermittent or variable biogas production, as the transportation can be scheduled as needed.
• Limitations: Road transport may have higher operational costs, especially if the distance is significant. It requires regular maintenance of vehicles and infrastructure. It can also pose safety concerns due to the transportation of compressed or liquefied biogas.

• Advantages: Pipeline transport offers continuous and automated biogas delivery with minimal human intervention. It is typically more cost-effective for longer distances and large volumes of biogas. It provides a higher level of operational efficiency and reduces the need for frequent transportation logistics.
• Limitations: Pipeline infrastructure installation requires upfront investment and planning. It may take longer to implement compared to road transport. It is more suitable for steady and continuous biogas production from the small plants.

The maximum distance for biogas transport depends on various factors, including the biogas production rate, the gas composition, available infrastructure, and economic feasibility. While there is no universal maximum distance, pipeline transport is generally preferred for longer distances (e.g., several kilometers or more), while road transport is more suitable for shorter distances (e.g., a few kilometers).

The best way to transport biogas from anaerobic digestion plants to a centralized upgrading plant depends on the specific location and requirements. For short distances, direct pipeline connections can be the most efficient and cost-effective option. Compressed Biogas (CBG) transport using tanker trucks or virtual pipelines is suitable for medium distances and areas without pipeline infrastructure. For longer distances, liquefied biogas (LBG) transport via cryogenic tanker trucks or on-site upgrading might be preferable. Each approach should be evaluated based on factors such as distance, volume of biogas, existing infrastructure, and economic feasibility to determine the most suitable method.