Herewith, the VSM result for synthesized nanoparticles is attached. Does anyone know how to analyse the graph step by step? What could be concluded? Is it superparamagnetic NPs?
This is your 2nd very similar post on the topic.
It is very hard to give you useful advice whithout knowing details on what your samples actually are. Let me give some remarks.
The negative slope at large field values appears to be a diamagnetic contribution to the total magnetic moment of your sample. Chances are high that this relates to the substrate/carrier of your sample. In order to assess this aspect you need to find the diamagnetic susceptibility of that material and how much of that you actually have in the specimen.
In your plot, you report the ordinate in units emu/g. What mass (the mass of what) did you use for this conversion?
Your curve is seriously shifted along the ordinate. This may be real and would indicate the presence of some (magnetically) quite hard, ferro- or ferrimagnetic material, hardly changing its magnetic polarisation in the applied field.
It could, however, also be an artifact of the measurement. You should want to browse RG for other questions concerning strange looking M(H) measurements in VSM (or SQUID) magnetometry. Typical sources of artifacts include the use of specimens of inadequate dimensions (i.e. too large) and incorrect mounting position or fixing.
The question of superparamagnetism (whatever you may exactly want to be understood by this term, see other RG threads on this topic) can hardly be answered with a single M(H) measurement, especially without further information on the specimens and sample/measurement geometry. In brief: similar looking M(H) curves may derive from quite different physical mechanisms. To differentiate between those, more extended sets of measurements are generally required, going along with testing adequate models for reproducing your M(H) loops.
As I wrote in your other thread, it would be good to know what kind of information you wish to retrieve from the analysis of your data. This may be guided by your interest and/or the need/interest of the audience you wish to target with the paper you're apparently preparing. Again, it is nearly impossible to know what advice to give to you -- there are entire book chapters out there in the literature treating the general question you're asking.
It is a superparamagnetic behavior (High saturation magnetization, and zero remanence magnetization), with vertical assymetry.
Dear Nasiri, to answer the question we need to know what kind of sample you prepare if thin film. the type of substrate is very important to know also the morality ratio of your material (high or low) has also effect on the magnetization. however, you need to compare the loops of your sample at different content, it will help you to analysis your loop. I see your sample is saturated
I am suspicious about the correctness of the measurement. I have never seen such M-H loop in any kind of samples. The loop must be symmetrical. On the other hand, if there is a diamagnetic contribution from any other phase it may be possible. So, I advise structural analysis.
In my opinion, no hysteresis neither remanent magnetization is observed in the measured loop-cycle, this loop is typical of a paramagnetic or “superparamagnetic” material. If each magnetic nanoparticle is considered as one magnetic moment, the completely random organization at zero field leads to zero magnetization. Thus under an external magnetic field, the magnetic moments tends to align and a non-null magnetization appears that reaches saturation for an external field amplitude.
Dear
your curve, really shows an anormal behavior. Superparamagnetism suggets Mr and Hc zero without an external magnetic field. Do the measurement at different temperatures above and below the first observed results
There is origin shift in your sample. First get calibration of VSM then perform experiment. and nature of your sample is soft ferromagnetic material
In my opinion, this loop is poorly measured. Its shape is typical for soft magnetic materials.
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