When does this kind of memory begin? Can I talk about procedural memory in insects, for example?
I am interested to your question and will explain in detail soon (similar to my case). A bit hurry for this time, please remind me.
You might want to check out research by Chris J A Moulin, he has done some work in older adults and if you check his citation in this work then I am sure you will find something. I know that decreases with age but I do not know a lot about when it develops. It is linked to the prefrontal cortex and is associated with executive functioning.
I hope that helps.
Nick
That is a point of view question. Motor learning has been shown in insects, accordingly they have procedural memory. Simplest case is if you equip an insect with a transponder (e.g. bees) - they have to readjust their flying and landing (point of gravity issue), similarly, any metamorphosis requires a quick learning of how to handle the new body, so one can compare grasshoppers and alike to flies, moths and alike. The former can use the same motor patterns whereas the latter change from crawling to flying.
My answer is rather a question about your question. What is your definition of "procedural" memory. I assume it concerns the "how" to "do" it, whereas L. Squire started to define procedure memory in opposition to declarative memory. To end up with a dichotomy that would concern all types of "non declarative" memories, in fact a very broad and difficult concept.
Perhaps it would be easier to tell a bit more as to your project in considering procedural memory through the life span. And perhaps in being explicit on whether you consider forms of procedural memory as discrete ones (from which age they are spontaneously expressed) or in terms of efficacy (acquisition speed or long term retention)...
As from my point of view, it is a good question, but there is a risk of confusion because different researchers may have a different understanding of this qualifier.
As you can guess, I consider that words (especially broad ones such as memory or procedure) are dangerously polysemic.
I really don't think precedural memory is what I was thinking of... I was thinking of prospective memory. However, you might want to check out the work from Bert Steenbergen on motor imagery. I have attached a file which might be helpful.
Thanks all of you. Your answers are quite useful. I completely agree with Professor Francoise; procedural and memory are really broad concepts. I will try to use something more specific.
My concern is to understand the origin and evolution of basal ganglia (at least in terms of motor behavior) and their modulation through the life from invertebrates (perhaps cells) to humans.
There is a vast data set on this topic, focusing on early infancy (from months to five years post-natal). Look at the work of Carolyn Rovee-Collier from the past couple of decades. I believed she authored a book that focuses on this topic.
ah, then look at the work of Sten Grillner and associates at Karolinska http://ki.se/en/neuro/grillner-laboratory
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