There are investigations that shows alterations in testosterone levels of athletes in overtraining, as well as in other biochemical, physiological and psychological parameters.
Since the diagnosis of overtraining is difficult to establish, because it is directly and indirectly related to several factors, my question is: is there other alterations previously reported in the literature in heat shock proteins, DNA damage, vascular or cardiac alterations in athletes that are experiencing overtraining?
I don't think there are overtraining markers for all athletes and for all sports. 1. We supervised a Olympic boxing athlete, who underwent an overtraining 2 months before the Olympic game. We found heart rate variability (HRV) changed significant in the overtraining period.
2. maybe inflammatory factors, pro-inflammatory cytokines might be a useful markers.
My first thought was also heart rate variability. As for blood biomarkers, perhaps you could look at sympathetic response. Such as resting epinephrine and rise in heart rate or SBP upon initiation of exercise, although you would see a high interindividual difference and would likely have to quantify each for fully recovered vs. overtrained state.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16888042
Although, others have shown there are minimal changes in pitutiary-adrenal and gonadal biomarkers with resistance training based OT:
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9843563
As suggested by Glen Foster, peripheral CK may be a candidate:
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7808252
Concerning to HRV and biomarkers, please check the answers to this RG question:
Is HRV + blood biomarkers, more accurate to quatify fatigue in athletes?
You can find interesting information relating to this topic.
Thanks.
JV
We have used testosterone/cortisol ratio. You can see the results from the link below. however, we did notice large variations among athletes.
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/258056675_Hormonal_responses_in_heavy_training_and_recovery_periods_in_an_elite_male_weightlifter?ev=prf_pub
Article Hormonal Responses in Heavy Training and Recovery Periods in...
So far, there is no evidence that blood cardiac biomarkers are related to over-training, though a lots of researchers reported intense exercise lead to release of cardiac troponins including cTnT and/or cTnI, even which blood level exceeds the cutoffs of AMI.
I suggest that compensated metabolic acidosis (i.e in finger blood : pH=7.35, BE=-3.0, and pCO2 =
We commonly measure TNFa, IL6 and full blood count profiles to establish various aspects of inflammatory processes and immune function.
Check this paper, maybe it could be interesting....
Kindly, JV.
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