Dear Xinfang, all solid-air or liquid-air surfaces involve a surface tension or surface energy. Otherwise the equilibrium state will be gaseous and not solid or liquid (taking into consideration also correction for entropy and Gibbs Free energy).
A study of the increase of energy of the electronic states on the surface vs those of the bulk in Cu was in my Ph. D. thesis
Actually I found dispersed Ag powders are tend to agglomerate at lower tem such as 880℃, 900℃, even through there are some glass phase to segregate Ag powders. I can’t figure it out.