Relational Frame Theory has a decent and growing basic research base.

Yes, I think that, because It involves careful analysis of existing study systems, not just information and data collection

Dear Solomon Kurz 

If you never mind, can you give us some hints about relational frame theory?

Dear Dr Isam Issa Omran

This is exactly what I mean. Thank you so much for your cooperation. 

Liqaa 

Dear Dr. Liqaa.

The difference lies in the way that the researcher perceives the problem or phenomenon he/she  wants to learn

We can not define a single framework in which all scientific theories will meet, no matter how they meet on one scientific discipline

Regards

The most approachable intro is probably this: https://foxylearning.com/tutorials/rft.

If you want a more scholarly introduction: https://www.newharbinger.com/learning-rft.

I don't think so.

Dear Salam Jassim Hmood

We supposed that because language is one of the things that exist in the brain so it is difficult as I stated previously to be accurate and objective. Thank you so much dear colleague for your cooperation. 

Liqaa 

Dear Solomon Kurz 

I highly appreciate sharing this valuable links. I guess that you consider behavioral theories are the exception since they depend on testing behavior. In all cases, I would like to thank you for sharing this valuable information. 

Liqaa 

Thank you so much dear Hein Retter for adding your opinion. 

Liqaa 

Dear Liqaa 

It seems difficult to consider all theories as armchair because some of them are tested such as behavioral theories.

hello

yes, I think so

regards

Right dear Dr Khansaa Hassan Al-Bahadli. Thank you so much for your cooperation. 

Liqaa 

Thank you so much dear Dr Ali hadi Ghawi for your participation. 

Liqaa 

Dear dr Liqaa 

Attached is a link that clarifies the meaning of armchair psychology.

https://psychologydictionary.org/armchair-psychology/

Dear Khansaa Hassan Al-Bahadli

Thank you so much for sharing this link. I highly appreciate your efforts. 

Liqaa 

You are welcome dear dr Liqaa.

Dear Liqaa:

Thank you very much for your interesting question and post

I really think that several theories of learning a language may be called  "armchair psychology "? By archmair psychology, I mean psychology that revolves more around  speculation and ungrounded intuitons than on empirical and significant research. Note that teaching and learning often appeal to evasive and inner psychological processes. However, paraphrasing Wittgenstein, inner processes stand in need of outer or objective criteria,   

For example, it is often said that a student is not capable of solving an intellectual problem because s/he is unable to construct a cognitive map of the problem at hand. How can we see, test, or demonstrate that this is the case? Is this not mere speculation and armchair and folk psychology?  I Think so. May be the student is not capable of solving the problem at hand beause it is too demanding to his/her age and level of cognitive devevelopment or because the student has to study more.

 It makes good sense to say, for example, that we have a roads' map in our car. However, it is misleading and even nonsensical to say there are cognitive maps in our mind or brain. Literally, there is no map, cognitive or whatever, in our mind or brain. So, when we speak about cognitive maps we are speaking metaphorically. This metaphor, however, can give us an illusion of an explanation when none is being provided.

Some theories of learning, namely learning a language, are empirically grounded. Vygotsky's social-cultural theory is a case in point. Note also that Piaget argued and showed that teaching, learning, and education are a double scientific process. First, it is empirically evident that a teacher has to master what s/he intends to teach, Second, there is amassing evidence that shows that the more a teacher is well versed in the details of the individual's psychological development, the more s/he is in a good position to teach to his/her students material that is not much above or below their cognitive competence. Albert Bandura's social learning theory and his late social cognitive theory rely on empirical research, not on armchair speculation. We may not agree with Sninner's approach to learning, but his theory is empirically grounded. Unfortunately, it is often the case that teachers' teaching is  based on non-reconceptualized experiences and routines not on well performed empirical research.

I hope that I has got your question and that this helps.

Best regards,

Orlando

Dear Orlando M Lourenço

I highly recommend what you stated and the details that you provided . Your discussion is very helpful. Thank you so much for your addition.

Liqaa

Dear Liqaa,

Thank you very much for you kind words. I have tried to give a more or less comphreensive answr to your. Demanding questions require demanding answers.

Best wishes,

Orlando

Dear Liqaa,

Thank you very much for you kind words. I have tried to give a more or less comphreensive answr to your. Demanding questions require demanding answers.

Best wishes,

Orlando

Dear Liqaa,

Than you very much for your kind words. I am more than happy to know that you liked my answer. You know, demanding questions require demanding answers.

Best regards,

Orlando

Dear Liqaa,

Thank you very much for your kind words. I was more than happy to know that you liked my answer to your question. Good questions require good answers

Thank you so much dear Orlando. That is from your kindness.

Liqaa

You mean all of them dear Dr Mutasem Z. Bani-Fwaz! Can you clarify your viewpoint please.

Liqaa

Dear Liqaa,

Your questions reminds me of a famous Kant's idea:

Concepts without empirical intuions are empty (armchair speculation)

Empirical intuitions without concepts are blind.

This means that we need empirically gounded concepts and theoretically informed intuitions and research whatever.

Best regards,

Orlando

May be some of them but what is important here is that most of them were experimentally verified so we cannot say that all of them are armchair theories.

Of course dear Dr Khansaa Hassan Al-Bahadli we can not gather all theories under this description but this is what is said here and there. Thank you so much for your cooperation.

Liqaa

Absolutely right dear Dr Orlando M Lourenço. Thank you so much for your participation.

Liqaa

Not all of them. Most of them were tested.

I utterly agree with you.

Thank you so much for sharing your opinion Murad A. A. Almekhlafi.

I don't think so.

Thank you so much dear Khansaa Hassan Al-Bahadli.

Liqaa

This is a useful link

https://www.khanacademy.org/test-prep/mcat/processing-the-environment/language/a/theories-of-the-early-stages-of-language-acquisition