No i don’t think so

Yes sure

I think the most important issue is political culture, meaning an agreement in society to resolve political issues with process that are compatible to a democratic system.

Dr. Eberhard Weber :

I correct the question, as your recommend. thank you very much for the important information. many thanks to you.

I have another questions about Democracy, your answer is very important to me.

Dear Dr. Nazar Alqahwachi,

From my field of research in international business and trade (not at all political science), I find that the political culture of the voter seems to vary from country to country. Unlike advanced economies (e.g., the G-7), voters from emerging, and even more so frontier economies, tend to be characterized by having materialist values because their struggle for economic and security survival is their primary concern. Taking such context into consideration, I believe the role of political elites is quite crucial because they have a more significant opportunity and ability to shape the structure and functionality of key political institutions and will influence the kind of regime their countries may have, in contrast to that of the general citizenry.

IMHO, from my research perspective, of course, we need to especially consider the attitudes of elites when assessing any political culture models as the processes of democratization in emerging and frontier economies are investigated.

Best,

MG

Voters' awareness of political arena dominating the country is very important at election time. Ignorance and lack of education can make voters prone to political exploitation. Every election is determined by the people who show up at ballot boxes and the ignorance of voters , lack of political culture can be a great threat to a democratic system giving rise to insecurity and chaos.

Representative democracy requires for success a low level of corruption and high law obedience of citizens, plus efficient financial and management sectors.

Dear MG :

Thank you very much for attending this answer, which I describe as deep-thinking and deeply analyzed.

Dear Reza Biria

Your answer is distinctive and very valuable, thank you.

The question should not contain an answer. Often the reaction to this depends not on the essence, but on the degree of conformism of the respondent.

when I wrote above that the most important issue is political culture, then this also means that people use democracy wisely, creatively and abstain from political violence. It requires an agreement in society to resolve political issues with process that are compatible to a democratic system.

I think we should not undermine the role of social culture in democratization. For example, some societies prefer a dominant figure to rule them. For them, an autocratic leader might be preferable. Other societies mostly in the West emphasize on freedom of individual and so democracy is best here. Even democracy itself is an essentially contested concept and what it means in one culture is not what it means in another.

Sir Ezechias Nshimiyimana : Thank you for this valuable addition.

Democracy is merely the political veneer of an economically diverse, free-trading population. The persons elected mean far less to the average voter than what goes on in his local marketplace.

A person need merely not to die before reaching a certain age and he will be considered QUALIFIED to select the leader in a democracy.

While that same person is not considered qualified to selected who will manage a business or a factory down the street from his home.

The importance of GOVERNMENT if over-rated in democracies. Democratic culture evolves as the citizens becomes productive workers and traders in their communities.

Both men and women are given THE RIGHT TO VOTE as they become economically significant as producers. Though this link between producing and democracy is usually overlooked and people somehow just imagine that democracies POP-UP as if by magic just people people decide to have them.

I think Reza Birda's point is worth a second look. I like the term "political exploitation" to describe what happens in many democracies. On my continent, I do not see a good system of political education for the average voter, and without a clear understanding of the political position of local and national candidates, it is impossible to vote effectively. I have seen conservative voters go back to school, and, having learned a bit about political and economic systems, feel shame for their past political actions, and become progressivists.

I remember the day I realized that democracy functions differently in each country: I had just moved to South Korea from Canada, and in my third week I went to see the movie Evita, that shows how a strongman in a non-democratic Argentina, rebranded himself in a new democracy. I was very quiet for a long while after that, because I had just been introduced to how society was working in South Korea in 1996, and I was a bit shocked. I was less shocked, 3 years later, when I learned about the soviet politicians rebranding themselves as champions of democracy, while Russia and the satellite nation remained oligarchies.

I believe that every voter should have the opportunity to have a political education when he or she reaches voting age. Unfortunately, the people in power will set the curriculum for this education, unless there is an international body or NGO involved in this process. I would like to see this type of education in Western nations as well. G7 voters are not immune to political exploitation.

Yes, as Loewenstein affirmed, the material or real validity of a Constitution and democracy is based on the constitutional culture of the society where it governs.

A society with a good written Constitution, but without constitutional culture, this will not have material validity.

Let us recall the case of the German Constitution of 1871 and the constant violations by Bismarck, how Ferdinand Lassalle denounced it.

When we think of political systems as a method of problem solving, it becomes important what criteria we use to distinguish between them. Democracy claims to offer a more equitable and fair problem-solving system than its alternatives in the modern period. But it must not be forgotten that this is a result of socio-political evolution. This shows us two things: First, socio-political evolution is ongoing, and this can lead us to new systems. The second is that achieving the consistency of democracy is primarily a matter of time. The success of democracy in some societies depends partly on the long period of time behind it. In this long period of time, democracy has evolved and has come to this day by being digested by society. In this sense, what other societies need is some time.