Primarily deposition and formation of a sedimentary rock from carbonacious sediments undergone alterations by fluids rich in magnesium within the Earth's Crust in the shallow, tropical sea-floor, forms the white mineral magnesite also known as magnesium carbonate.
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Genesis of magnesite deposits in the view of isotope geochemistry
ERICH SCHROLL
Boletim Paranaense de Geociências, n. 50, p. 59-68, 2002. Editora UFPR
"Magnesite is a rare rock forming mineral occurring in different marine and non-marine geological settings due to the geochemical relations of silicon, iron and calcium. However, magnesite deposits have been formed since the Archean either as carbonated ultramafic rocks or as sedimentary beds. Moreover, major magnesite deposits occur in the Precambrian, and thick magnesitedominated sequences are unknown in the Phanerozoic (Abu-Jaber & Kimberley 1992). Uncertainties concerning the genesis of ultramafic-hosted deposits are discussed by Abu-Jaber & Kimberley (1992). The formation of sparry magnesite hosted by metasediment series has been under discussion for two centuries in Europe. Rumpf (1883) created the idea of hydrothermal Mg-rich fluids replacing unconsolidated carbonate sediments, and Koch (1893) assumed that consolidated carbonates are transformed into sparry magnesite. The sedimentary precipitation of magnesite and dolomite appeared still unlikely. Then, both carbonate minerals could not been synthetisized. Although the physicochemical conditions are now well known (Usdowski 1994), controversial models coexist: a sedimentary and a hydrothermal context (Pohl & Siegl 1986, Möller (ed.) 1989). The sedimentary conception is based on sedimentary-diagenetic up to anchimetamorphic processes to form sparry magnesite. Pohl & Siegl (1986) concluded that the majority of Veitsch type magnesite is probably of a sedimentarydiagenetic origin."
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