If you are writing about young people [adolescents/young adults] and their behaviors during the pandemic, consider what measures are IN place and what measures are NOT. Otherwise, you are writing a paper about enforcements, as opposed to young people. Hope this helps.

Thank you so much for your reply! Point taken, I agree with your remark.

Best wishes,

Cécile

Following steps or measures taken by Pakistan government regarding the youth:

(a) Free training programs for the youngsters on diverse high end and low end skills, like IT, Management, digital marketing, construction, civil works, accounting etc.

(b) Loans on very low interest rates for small businesses

(c) Concessions on construction projects / works to generate economic activities

(d) Engaging youth on government sponsored social program

There is much more Pakistan government is doing at small scale as well, needs more research to authenticate the claims.

Wonderful! Thank you so much for your interesting and precise answer!

In Andhra Pradesh, one of the newly formed states in India has been using the youth who are working as the volunteers of the Villiage Secretariat to identify the Covid 19 cases ,position of health care treatment, and distribution of essential items to the doarsteps of the villagers.

As you all know that India is blessed with a Demographic dividend, therefore they are doing signi ficant service to the people under the directions of Andhra Pradesh in the present pandemic period .

It is really an interesting case study for further analysis in order to understand the role of youth ( at the expense of their health) to safegaurd the people.

Dr.L.Krishna Veni

That is fascinating, thank you for your answer!

Just to give a follow up on my own question for the two countries I know the most:

In Canada (where I live), students and young workers aged above 15 were eligible to the Canada Emergency Response Benefit (max 2000$ monthly) under the condition that they had worked before (including part-time). But this benefit is over since the end of September. In the province of Quebec, young people can ask for the welfare support from 18 under certain conditions.

In France, students and a part of precarious young people could benefit from a punctual emergency support (150 or 200 euros just once), but generally people under 25 were kept excluded from the minimum benefit (around 500 euros monthly).

In the Netherlands, young people are very much affected by the economic recession related to the c19 crisis and the pandemic related public health measures, in particular the lock-down of restaurants and cafés. In the last few years, many young graduates have received flexible contracts. In addition, many young people (students in particular) work in sectors that have been hit hard by the pandemic, such as cafés and restaurants. Moreover, for school leavers, the decline in employment means fewer opportunities for a first job. All this is reflected in the unemployment figures. The Dutch governmental measures are geared at preventing long-term unemployment. What follows is a summary of the measures announced by the Dutch central government. Two main types of measures:

- The central municipality of each labour market region will receive extra money in 2020 to coordinate its own regional approach to youth unemployment and to involve partners in the region, such as schools and employment benefit agency. In order to support young people to go to school or work, the regions can make use of different budgets from the support and recovery package. These budgets are linked to the situation of the young person. Young people who are at risk of unemployment or have just become unemployed and need extra support can call on the services of Regional Mobility Teams. With the extra funds for municipal services, municipalities can support young people who have already lost their jobs and who, due to their limited employment benefit rights, have relatively quickly become eligible for assistance. They can also use these funds to help vulnerable young people back to school or work, who are not entitled to benefits due to their personal situation and are therefore at risk of being left out of the picture. Together with municipalities, SZW has developed a tool with which municipalities can receive a monthly report on which young people are concerned. In addition to these generic resources, schools and municipalities also receive a specific budget for an integrated approach to help vulnerable school leavers to continue their education or to support them in finding work. The first part in 2020 and the remaining funds at the beginning of 2021.

- Early school-leavers (leaving formal education without a secondary school degree) and holders of a degree from the shortest tracks on vocational secondary education) in particular find it very difficult to find a job in times of crisis. Young people with a non-western migration background also have a difficult start. For all these groups, Dutch governmental measures focus on further learning or support in finding work, therefore asking schools and municipalities to jointly implement three measures, which are in line with each other:

1. Schools supervise students in secondary vocational education in further learning or making the transition to work in early coordination with the municipality. In doing so, they will also look at whether the work placement or apprenticeship can be converted into a subsequent work placement or apprenticeship or a job. For young people with a non-western migration background, it is important that they also pay attention to combating discrimination.

2. Municipalities support young people who leave education for work, possibly in combination with further/retraining if this increases their chances of (sustainable) employment.

3. Municipalities and schools jointly provide after-care, so that vulnerable school leavers without a job can be referred to the right authority for support back to school or work.

Partly translated from (https://www.rijksoverheid.nl/onderwerpen/coronavirus-covid-19/werknemers/hulp-bij-baanverlies-scholing-en-schulden-sociaal-pakket/bestrijding-van-jeugdwerkloosheid) with www.DeepL.com/Translator (free version)

Thank you for your very informative answer! Indeed we can expect that young people will be strongly affected by the economic aftermath of the pandemic. On that matter I found a OECD report that outlines the major issues and some measures put in place in different countries towards young people at the beginning of the pandemic : http://www.oecd.org/coronavirus/policy-responses/youth-and-covid-19-response-recovery-and-resilience-c40e61c6/

Thank you again!

Another resource, conveyed by the European Youth Forum:

https://www.euractiv.com/section/politics/opinion/covid-recovery-no-generation-left-behind/