As long as we feel the existence of discrete objects/elements, then YES, the Natural numbers do exists... By ordering them, wr can infer the existence of other numbers like rational, irrational etc...
Понятие числа носит условный характер. Могут существовать различные системы исчисления: наиболее распространенная десятиричная, принятая в програмировании двоичная, используемая для измерения времени двенадцатиричная и другие. Использование той или иной системы человеком носит ситуативный характер.
Yes, natural numbers have always existed. Number sequence is found in nature, for example, Fibonacci numbers that exist in the way the leaves are arranged. Humans have gone beyond the natural numbers to the definition of zero and negative numbers as well as rational and irrational numbers.
They only exist in human mind, as far the the straight line on which they are based does not exist in the whole universe. Nevertheless, men, with those invented numbers, are able to describe the whole universe. That's beautiful and very poetic.
Concepts are things we can conceive. For instance, I conceive that the collection of chair, tables, sofas and bed are in the category and named as furniture . Thus, furniture exists as a concept.
There are two types of realities, the physical reality with its laws and the rational abstract reality that is in our minds and models the physical reality (mathematics abstractly and generally represents the physical world). Numbers exist in our minds as an abstract model to represent physical reality. For example, the number two represents two things in general, whatever they are in particular in the physical world. In the same way, mathematical and logical theories, as self-consistent abstract logical models, model parts of reality, in their limits of application, and exist in our minds. And if there was a God, mathematics would exist in his mind to model the system of the universe, it would be the core of God, immutable in any possible universe, and if not, they only exist rationally in our minds. But mathematics does not exist in the physical world, since I have never greeted the pi number or started dancing with a vector space.
I work with these issues in my philosophical-scientific project " Unification of philosophy and science in a total theory. New paradigm", in my presentation "Teoría de los Mundos desde los Nuevos Paradigmas Científicos" and in my article "Tratado Científico-Filosófico. Teoría de los Mundos desde los Nuevos Paradigmas Científicos".
If the numbers not exist then the computer not exist. Because the computer used binar numeration system. But we have each other a computer in our house. So, the numbers exist.
It is nice question. I think that relation between numbers and real world is the same as for example between a map and real world. We can also ask if the map exists. You can have the map also in your head - in our conscious. For example in numbers can use any numerical system (decimal, hexadecimal, binary code ...) Map can be also winter map, car map, tourist map, map of sea streams, map of restaurants that I like ... However, all maps have some general behavior. It describes the system around. There must be law of triangle non-equality distance (A,C) < = (A,B)+(B,C) ) and summation and multiplication. The same must be also for "numbers".
Or it is same if you have organized knifes on kitchen desk by size. Then we can ask if this order is real or it is only our conscious ? Because you can develop numbers on this organized knifes ... You can take smallest one as 1 unit. Then you will have fractions. You can every time say that between two size can be size between and so on ... We will have numbers.
Numbers are here as a result of observation of system around us. Dos not matter if in child counter or in multidimensional grand unification theory. So simply say numbers have always existed but we have to able to see it. They were also like painting. In the beginning it was like mixture of colors and then we recognized green ground, blue sky and mountain.
Roberto - Minadeo Numbers of course live on another great invention of us, the straight line, that miraculously allows numbers to stand still in line, so humans easily know who's the first and what it makes putting in the same line a second number: a third number, etc. Most probably, it have a relation with ancient abaqa counting system, invented in China: string of balls on a thread.
Hindus invented the no-number almost 3000 years ago as a concept of both 'all' and 'nothing' and Persian Al-Khwarizmi (11th c.) was the first one to introduce zero in complex calculations, creating base ten system, nowadays still remembered through the Christianized version of his name, in the word 'algorithm'.