Do electromagnetic effects affect the structure of atomic particles due to special relativity?
That electromagnetic effects are due to special relativity is confirmed by a precise mathematical result. Due to special relativity, rotation leads to a velocity difference that has a maximum value. The maximum velocity difference, transformed by special relativity effects, is the important factor in the equation that produces the fine structure constant. The result agrees exactly to 11 significant figures of the fine structure constant value recommended by CODATA. The maximum velocity difference is useful for quantizing angular momentum and energy. The maximum velocity difference also allows the radius of the electron to be found from its known angular momentum. The velocity and radius of the electron, scaled by the square root of the electron-to-proton mass ratio, give the angular velocity and radius of the proton. Thus, the proton and electron properties calculated in the structural models lead to the measured neutron and deuteron masses recommended by CODATA within the reported uncertainty. The proton g factor also follows the proton model. The electron and proton are similar in structure, consisting of three orthogonal rotating rings with mass
OK, electromagnetic interactions affect atoms, but your text throws together things that are well-investigated in a rather confused manner.
Normally, when people talk about atoms, they just call them "atoms", not "atomic particles" although technically atoms can be considered particles.
If you solve the basic Schrödinger equation for the hydrogen atom, that is in principle just Coulomb and centrifugal energy, but you can reformulate it in a way that you get the fine structure constant in it, so if you want to see this as a link to relativity, feel free to do so. There are people on this platform making a big fuzz out of it thinking that they are advancing physics by emphasizing this, although it is way less profound or helpful for practical application than they think. There were already several ways to solve the Schrödinger equation analytically or partially algebraically and now they have found another one (yay).
Since spin (and couplings of/with angular momenta) are required to explain the full spectrum, it has to be stated that these would have to be introduced manually to the Schrödinger equation while in the relativistic Dirac equation (or its anti-matter-free reduction, the Pauli equation) they come in naturally. So full accuracy requires at least special relativity.
When atoms get put into electromagnetic fields, you get the Zeeman and Stark effects. These are commonly not branded relativistic effects but since, as previously mentioned, the spin only comes out naturally from the relativistic equations, you could sort of argue that there is something relativistic behind it (although that doesn't advance the physics in any way, either).
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