Many brain insults, including TBI, stroke and encephalitis, may be associated with “early seizures” in the first week after the insult. These seizures are not spontaneous (unprovoked), but are directly caused by the initial insult. Late unprovoked (i.e., spontaneously recurrent seizures), may follow weeks, months or years later.
Our question is: May such early seizures also occur after a status epilepticus and is there literature on this (both for patients and SE models)?
We do typically observe early seizures in different SE models (e.g., pilocarpine, kainate) in rats. They occur with a peak frequency at 3-5 days following SE (if the SE was effectively interrupted after 60-120 min) and then subside. Late seizures occur earliest after about 7 days but often later.
This depends how you define epilepsy. A SE followed by a seizure some days later will qualify for most epilepsy definitions.
For a classic publication on recurrence of nonconvulsive seizures/SE see:
Neurology. 2001 Sep 25;57(6):1036-42. Continuous EEG monitoring and midazolam infusion for refractory nonconvulsive status epilepticus. Claassen J, Hirsch LJ, Emerson RG, Bates JE, Thompson TB, Mayer SA.
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