Are there any documents about how backscatter values are different between polarizations in case of Sentinel1, like what VH can capture but VV misses for instance?
This paper explains a bit about the features of VH, VV, HH, HV backscatters. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0034425717303309
I would recommend the book by Ulaby and Long "Microwave radar and radiometric remote sensing" 2014. It gives an overview of general behaviour of the backscatter for different polarizations.
My personal first answer would be that VV and HH give strong interaction, i.e. reflection, when there are vertical or horizontal targets on the ground respectiveley. When target components have more random oriëntations this will give a higher crosspolarization return (HV or VH) than with VV or HH. But crosspolarization can also be an indicator of absence of a large amount of horizontal or vertical targets. So I think you could say that the different polarizations give complementary information about your ground target.
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