Bending nothingness does not indicate "deep understanding"... but a blossoming imagination !

Hi Ismail, this is an extensive subject but let me begin with one of the key issues. The 4th dimension orthogonal to x-y-z is Ct and not "t" alone. It is a longitudinal dimension, which is why Ct is named the "4th" D. This Ct is the Minkowski event analysis where space goes together over time. That was great but in my opinion that has some limitations that Einstein, as the father of quantum mechanics (QM), could improve. Taking "t" as time evolution gives Ct a value that always increments over time and depends on that actual and historic energetic value because of Lorentz´s space contraction. So, Ct depends on the observer and always changes. The delta t or interval solves this inconvenience BUT what delta t is the appropriate one? The one that can be related to other physical magnitudes.

Tau or the periodic time of Planck is the best one (tau = h/E) and Einstein cleared that in his solution in the photoelectric effect! Therefore, the Ctau as the 4th dimension opens new doors to relativity and joins it with QM; i.e., quantum interval tau and time of event will be the accumulation of quantum intervals. Now, Poincare´s invariance is understood as: (Delta R)^2 + (Delta iCtau)^2 = const. When energy is incremented, tau gets smaller, and so does Delta R, which is space contraction by the presence of energy. This Ctau is a value that can be related to other systems. 3D space needs Ctau to be complete, the information of the values of x-y-z are insufficient if space contraction is not involved, i.e., Hamilton´s quaternions express that correctly, a scalar Ctau plus the three vectorial spatial values. When Dirac´s equation is seen, most of people see that 4th D as time BUT the equation clearly says "Ct" or more explicitly Ctau.

I attached recent papers concerning relativity and hope it will inspire your research. Aside, you can get in contact with me for further explanation because this issue is quite complex. Regards

Einstein, Schrödinger, Heisenberg, Minkowski, Hilbert, Rieman, among others, overcomplicated the theory of relativity and the theory of quantum mechanics simply because they did not define time correctly. The theory of relativity and the Schrödinger partial differential equation are the newest science and therefore should be the most accurate, but unfortunately it is the opposite.

A complete universal or physical space is one where the Cartesian coordinates x, y, z are mutually orthogonal (independent) and time t is orthogonal to x, y, z.

Once found, this space would be able to solve almost all problems in classical and quantum physics as well as most mathematics without discontinuities [A*]. These conditions are only found in the physical space called 4D unitary x-t space where time t is properly defined as a dimensionless integer N woven into the geometric space x y z. and t=Ndt where dt is the time step or time jump. Note that the classical R^4 mathematical spaces such as Minkowski, Hilbert, Rieman.. . etc are all incomplete. Schrödinger space may or may not be complete [1].

The Heisenberg matrix space is neither statistical nor complete. All of the above mathematical constructs are not complete spaces in the sense that they do not satisfy the A* condition. Also note that the proposed 4D x-t unit space is not entirely new but it has been successfully applied since 2020 in almost all areas of classical and quantum physics in addition to mathematics with striking precision.

In conclusion, a universal physical time t must be introduced as an inseparable dimensionless integer woven into a 3D geometric space where the extent of its application in all areas of classical and quantum physics has no limit. This is exactly what happened in 2020 when a new space emerged which we call the 4D x-t unitary space most recommended to be the space required for unified field theory dealing with both scales of length of microscopic phenomena in quantum mechanics and the length scale of macroscopic phenomena. for classical physics and relativity. We recall that the Cairo techniques and B-matrix statistical chains form the basis for solving problems in physics and mathematics and furthermore provide a unique statistical proof or statistical refutation to any well-defined, time-dependent scientific hypothesis. RO ∈[0,1] presents the entries of the main diagonal of the transition matrix B. The subject of this article is the pre-choice of RO which is the key to the statistical solution by chains of statistical transition matrices B.

Here we focus on the answer key to major problems such as energy entanglement in classical and quantum matter and leave the rest to the readers' choice. In other words, we show how to find RO without detailed or complete description or answers to eminent questions, but only how to take the first steps on a long path. Finally, it should be noted that the purpose of this article is not to underestimate the great achievements of the brilliant Einstein, Schrödinger, Heisenberg, Minkowski, Hilbert, Rieman, among others, but to discuss the main flaws of the theory relativity and quantum theory, where applicable.

1-A key to 4D Physics, research Gate, ijisrt review, Jan 20325.

Dear, nothing in Science is FINAL. Hence Science is called SELFCORRECTING SUBJECT. It means there is less possibility of Albert Einstein understanding fully The Theory of Relativity

1) "Einstein overcomplicated the theory of special and general relativity simply because he did not define time correctly."

When it comes to the Special Theory of Relativity, STR, I believe the biggest problem lies in the definition of the speed of light. When we talk about speed at all, we refer this speed to a reference frame.

When it comes to light, we have to talk about two speeds:

a) The absolute speed of light in space/vacuum c, (Maxwel: c = 1/(μ0ε0)1/2)

b) The relative speed of light between the wavefront of the light signal and a reference frame, c±v, where c is the speed of light (see 1) and v is the absolute speed of the reference frame in space/vacuum (and you don't know it).

2) "A complete universal or physical space is a space where the Cartesian coordinates x, y, z are mutually orthogonal (independent) and time t is orthogonal to x, y, z."

You said in 1) that Einstein did not define time correctly.

Then you should be more precise than Einstein.

I would like an explanation here: We have only one time t but three spatial axes x, y, z. How is time t orthogonal to x, y, z? To each of them?

3) "Note that R^4 mathematical spaces such as Minkowski, Hilbert, Rieman. . . etc are all incomplete."

I would say that they CANNOT be APPLIED to our reality. Why? You can have R4 mathematical dimensions IN mathematics. But there you have these 4 dimensions of the same kind, that is NOT the case with our reality: we have three spatial and one temporal dimension.

4) "Universal time t* must be redefined as an inseparable dimensionless integer woven into a 3D geometric space."

Universal time, absolute time, relative time and universal space, absolute space, relative space: that is the question!

Now if the proposed universal 4D x-t unit space is not entirely new and has been successfully applied over the last four years to solve almost all types of classical and quantum physics in addition to pure mathematics such as finite digital in 1D, 2D, 3D and the summation of entire geometric series, etc.

And if all this is not complicated and as clear as sunlight, why is there fierce resistance from 2020 to 2024?

The answer is simple and linked to the old guard of brainwashed physicists and mathematicians who blindly believe in incomplete 3D+t (R^4) space. They continue to apply it to quantum mechanics and Einstein's relativity and defend it until their last breath.

Note that most of these iron guards occupy influential positions.

5) I'm not sure which page you're on. But can you comment on what I wrote in comment 3)?

As a matter of interest, why do you feel that universal time is preferable to relative time? And how would your theory explain the observed longer lifespans of particles accelerated to near the speed of light?

the triple integral I = ∫∫∫ f(x,y,z) dx dy dz can be used for mass calculation with non-uniform density, among other best applications.

But mass calculation is a short-sighted application.

In fact This triple integral I= ∫∫∫ f(x,y,z) dx dy dz

is one of the best tools for testing the correctness of proposed spaces.

This can show the importance of the topic of 4D x-t spaces.

the triple integral I= ∫∫∫ f(x,y,z) dx dy dz shows that Einstein and Minkowski space-time (sometimes called event space), which is incomplete and even misleading, is only a modest attempt to describe the space of special events. events. relativity,.

He cannot evaluate the triple integral or even define it!

Pseudospaces such as Einstein, Schrödinger, Heisenberg, Minkowski, Hilbert, Rieman, among others, are not the best choice.

On the other hand, the full 4D unit space of matrix B strings can do the job.

A. Einstein did not deeply understand the theory of relativity.

He used 5 assumptions which can actually be reduced to just 2 [1].

Additionally, he assumed two inertial frames of reference, the light speed constancy C and the Lorentz transformation x-t to arrive at his relativistic x-t transformation (note that the Lorentz transformation and the light speed constancy are equivalent and that both are universal laws of physics which have no proof[1]) that are fundamentally unnecessary.

As a simple example, the theory of special relativity arises from the control of the volume entanglement of a cooling curve of any metal cube with a side of 10 cm [2].

The speed of the entanglement signal = T1/2 *log 2 * L^2/ α.

If you substitute the thermal diffusivity value α in the thermal tables and measure the cooling curve half-time T1/2, you get the exact value of C=2.9 E8 m/s.

1-A rigorous reformulation of Einstein's derivation of the special theory of relativity, ResearchGate, IJISRT journal, February 2022.

2-Theory and practice of control volumes - Detailed Analysis, ResearchGate, IJISRT journal, Jan 2025.

Ismail Abbas M. Abbas

Please provide the link to your article A rigorous reformulation of Einstein's derivation of the special theory of relativity. T ex

Article Is it Time to Demolish Current Mathematics?

One of the silly mistakes of current incomplete mathematics is to relate time to entropy.

Neither time nor entropy can be well defined in the incomplete mathematical space R^4 (3D+t as external controller).

The macroscopic physical definition of entropy S emerges from the second universal law of thermodynamics,

dS.GE. 0, like,

dS.GE. Q/T.

The only breakthrough came in 1866 when C. Maxwell related the microscopic entropy of molecular structure s to the macroscopic entropy S through his well-known formula:

s = kB ln W.

Despite the objection of A. Einstein to the derivation of s by Boltzmann because it is purely statistical (nothing about dynamic forces), it remains rigorously valid and Einstein's objection remains fictitious.

Note that the rigorous definitions of S and t belong to the 4D x-t unit space which is the only space for SR and GR.

The question arises:

Did E. Schrödinger deeply understand quantum mechanics?

I believe that E. Schrödinger understood quantum mechanics deeply.

Only, he did not have the power to impose his own ideas against the giants N. Bohr, Heisenberg, Einstein, etc.

Check out his brilliant quotes:

i-Entanglement is not one but rather the characteristic feature of the quantum mechanical.

ii-He wrote about the probabilistic interpretation of quantum mechanics saying:

"I don't like it and I'm sorry I ever had anything to do with it."

Today, after 100 years, we are more reliable about what is true and what is false:

1- The three giants Einstein, Bohr, Schrödinger were all wrong in confining entanglement to quantum physics phenomena when it applies to classical physics in the same way as in QM (Sound waves in audio rooms for example).

2-Most of the great scientists of the time and the iron guards who followed believe that entanglement transfers instantly (spooky action at a distance) while the statistical theory of Cairo techniques predicts that the entanglement signal has a maximum speed equal to the speed of light C.

3-Quantum entanglement comes before Schrödinger PDE and not after.

4-Sentimentally I feel discomfort every time I hear or read the sentence:

Separation of variables

in time-dependent PDE.

To me this looks like separating the head from the body of a living subject (entanglement).