In my opinion, if plowing is done CORRECTLY, then the problem of restoring soil fertility can be solved.
Ploughing is one of the three stages of mechanical tillage in making big soil clods, turning top vegetation including green manures into the soil to decay and destroying the life cycle of insects.However, when it is done repeatedly,the soil structure is destroyed ,the frequency of impact of the tractor and associated implements will compact the soil leading to high bulk density,soil pores are blocked leading to poor aeration and low water retention capacity leading to increased rate of erosion, and washing away of essential nutrients in the soil.The implications are poor soil fertility and poor yield crops.Besides,the operators of tillage that tropical soils are 1:1 clay minerals mainly kaolinitic clay with high Vander Waals forces of attraction between Al and Si layers and it has low capacity to retain nutrients and water.Therefore,frequent ploughing operations will make the nutrients in top soil to be washed away and subsequent decline in soil organic matter.Finally,the practice of double or triple passes of ploughing operations should be avoided,also, farmers can practice zero tillage with minimum disturbances to soil and the adoption of vermiculture involving earthworms should be encouraged.This is what I will call biological tillage
Following are the reason.
1. When ploughing and tilling through the fields, the plants in the top layer of the fields rot and decompose, producing and releasing carbon dioxide and methane in the process.
2. If ploughing is manually then it is dangerous to human as well as animal. sometime snakes are also found in the field.
3. Relying on tractors to bear oil pressure during transport is extremely hazardous. Escaping hydraulic oil is highly dangerous and will easily.
4. If ploughing by tractor the hydraulic/mechanical operation are there.
5. Harmful dust generates in ploughing operation; PPE/dust mask must be used.
6. Cylinder locks are a safe and easy way to prevent hydraulic oil accidents or the accidental lowering of plow equipment, both of which often lead to serious personal injury.
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