For example, do you think time goes horizontally or vertically; whether the time arrow is directed forward or backward, right or left, up or down; if time is going past us, or are we moving through it?
I do appreciate your feedback.
Introduction: The many faces of research in Cognitive Linguistics xxii of some aspect of language can continue to be present for a short time, Yet I share with my colleagues in Psychology, and other disciplines (see Sandra 1998; students who are quite interested in doing informal experiments to test their ideas as part
Hi,
In my opinion time is going forward and we are taken by time , however time is running fastly to the point that we are always missing time and short of time.
I have conducted a trilingual multifactor experimental study of time categorization in children 7-17. The research was published in 90-s and 2001 in Russian and Armenian.
You might be interested also in the 2 temporal models of Shakespearean tragedies. Sorry, at this moment I cannot give exact references.
Many thanks, Mourad Touati. Can I ask you more questions? Do you visualise time as an axis/arrow? If you do, is it vertical or horisontal? Do you associate time with tidal waters, a river, a flying creature/object etc.? Are there any scecific temporal metaphors in Arabic which differ from English and French?
Many thanks, Gayane Hovhannisyan. Can you give me exact titles of the studies you`ve mentioned? I may spot them online, `cause I am really interested in both.
My son who speaks English an Polish had time going backwards for about first 5 years of his life. So when he wanted to listen again to some part of a tape-recorded story he had just listened to, he asked to a have the tape moved forward. A little bit like Hopis. He also used to switch 'before' with 'after' and to substitute 'drawback' with 'forwardback' that he made up himself, and which seems to be a metaphoric extention.
Many thanks, Dorota Zielinska. In fact, what your son said sounds logical to me. The thing is that the idea of the past (early) staying at the back and the future (later) being at the front is more familiar to those who speak Slavonic and Germanic languages. However, the transparent etymology of the prepositions “перед” ("перед этим" means "ранее' in Russian and Ukrainian ) and “за” or “прежде” may as well indicate a sort of opposite orientation. A. Shmelev explains the paradoxes associated with time indicators, by the two options of transition to event order. Thus, with the archaic approach in the representation of chroniclers, the world was stable, immobile, and time was moving, walking or flowing past it. In this case, what happened before was perceived as going ahead, preceding, and what was to happen later was perceived as going after, next. The archaic approach is contrasted with the present -day concept, like, time is constant and immobile, and a person, the observer, moves through it from the past to the future. Now I am really curious to know how transition to event order works in typologically distant languages.
Thank you for your extended explanation. Try the language of Hopi Indians. Their concept of time seems similar to what you described. Olena Taukchi
Hi!
There is a line of research in children (Özçalışkan, 2005;2007; Stites & Özçalışkan, 2013) that describes the concept of time in relation to spatial movement and how different languages express, verbally, in various ways the conceptual mapping. A very interesting paper regarding your question is Do Metaphors Move From Mind to Mouth? Evidence From a New System of Linguistic Metaphors for Time by Hendricks, Bergen & Marghetis (2018) which describes that staff of U.S military conceptualize time in a different way than US citizens.
I hope this helps!
Many thanks, Vasilis Pliogkas , it`s exactly what I`ve been looking for.
I simply conceive of time as a succession of events and conceive of shared time to be measured by a succession of events presumed to be constant or regular in some fashion (e.g. changing positions of the sun, oscillations of cesium radiation, transfers of sand in an hourglass).
Obviously, you're describing time through spatial kinesthetic metaphors. Moreover, your metaphors are not only horizontal, but also vertical, like sand hourglass. I do like your concept, 'cause it supports my idea that Europeans tend to consider time as both - a vertical and horizontal axis. Many thanks, Karl.
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